Interdisciplinary researchers at Stanford, including "neurobiological experts, radiologists and humanities scholars" are conducting experiments on attention and distraction while reading. Participants bring Jane Austen books into an MRI machine, where their brain activity is tracked. The results:
Experiment participants are first asked to leisurely skim a passage as they might do in a bookstore, and then to read more closely, as they would while studying for an exam. [Natalie Phillips, the literary scholar leading the project] said the global increase in blood flow during close reading suggests that "paying attention to literary texts requires the coordination of multiple complex cognitive functions." Blood flow also increased during pleasure reading, but in different areas of the brain. Phillips suggested that each style of reading may create distinct patterns in the brain that are "far more complex than just work and play."
The practical upshot: