Chart Of The Day

Per capita(1)

by Zoë Pollock

David McKenzie explains why the the most effective way to raise the income of people in poor countries isn't microfinance, or conditional cash transfers. It's facilitating international migration. He and John Gibson looked at the development impacts of New Zealand’s new seasonal worker program, the RSE:

In addition to estimating per-capita income gains of 30-40%, we find that participating in the RSE leads to greater subjective well-being, more durable asset purchases, housing improvements, and in Tonga, a large increase in secondary schooling. Moreover, as a recent evaluation by New Zealand’s labor department found, these gains came with minimal displacement of native workers, and overstay rates of less than 1%.

Inside The Mind Of Blog Commenters

by Conor Friedersdorf

In a Christmas Day experiment, Megan McArdle lets a few of them draft posts. A sample:

'Tis the season of goodwill towards men, loving our enemies, forgiving those who did us wrong, and calls for unity, civility, and an elevation of our public discourse to new heights of seriousness. Yeah, well, Bah Humbug to all that.

Instead, I thought I'd offer my guide to effective blog commenting: one serious tip and a bunch of fun and manipulative tricks. My Christmas wish to you is that you should all find it in you to become as much of a sneaky bastard as me.

What follows is as cynical as you'd expect!

Use fake imprecision to imply greater knowledge. Another thing any idiot can do is look up dates online. Nobody is impressed that you know that in the first three weeks of July, 1944, 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States, for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference. After all, I cut and pasted the majority of that sentence from Wikipedia. On the other hand, if you can toss off references to Bretton Woods and the gold standard, you can make it appear that you really do know what you're talking about and can just call up the information from memory at will–even if you've only just looked it up on Wikipedia! As with allusions, however, you should be careful only to refer to things you do have some understanding of, lest you look like an idiot.

I guess it all depends on what you think it means to be an "effective" blog commenter. 

Michelangelo Painted A UFO

by Zoë Pollock

Michael Humphrey interviews Jacques Vallee, astronomer and co-author of the new book Wonders in the Sky: Unexplained Aerial Objects from Antiquity to Modern Times:

[W]e got to 1879 which was a time when there were no dirigibles, no airplanes, no CIA, no Air Force, no SR-71s, no secret prototypes, no Area 51 and all of that. I mean, people could certainly be fooled by meteors and comets: They didn't know what comets were; the Aurora Borealis hadn't yet been explained. Some of the cases where people describe a serpent in the sky that destroys villages, we suspect, were tornadoes. But those are fairly easy to screen out. And what you're left with is something very consistent from culture to culture.

Loosen The Chain

Book-christmas-tree1

by Zoë Pollock

Barbara King mines the year's books for the perfect holiday passage. Here she quotes from Here Is Where We Meet, by John Berger, in a conversation between a son and his dead mother who reappears:

The mother says, “Let a few things be repaired. A few is a lot. One thing repaired changes a thousand others.” The son replies, “So?” And out flows a maternal speech:

"The dog down there is on too short a chain. Change it, lengthen it. Then he’ll be able to reach the shade, and he’ll lie down and he’ll stop barking. And the silence will remind the mother she wanted a canary in a cage in the kitchen. And when the canary sings, she’ll do more ironing. And the father’s shoulders in a freshly ironed shirt will ache less when he goes to work. And so when he comes home he’ll sometimes joke, like he used to, with his teenage daughter. And the daughter will change her mind and decide, just this once, to bring her lover home one evening. And on another evening, the father will propose to the young man that they go fishing together… Who in the wide world knows? Just lengthen the chain."

In this season of peace, may you lengthen a dog’s chain. And then see what happens.

(Photo from the Gleeson Library in San Francisco)

Why Suicide Bombers Do It

By Conor Friedersdorf

Cory Doctorow:

A growing body of psychological literature suggests that suicide bombers aren't ideologues who are so committed to their cause that they're willing to die for it — rather, they are suicidally depressed people who use the excuse of dying for a cause to psych themselves up to commit the deed, and as a loophole for committing suicide without committing a sin.

A Journey, Not An Escape

by Chris Bodenner

A reader writes:

Long time reader, first time writer. Forgive the somewhat trite pseudonym, as I’m writing from a dead-drop e-mail account that’s not linked to my real identity. I’m sure you understand, given the somewhat more controversial nature of writing about psychedelic mushrooms than smoking the occasional joint.

Like many who went to college in Central California, I ate mushrooms a handful of times. Nearly every time, I either learned something new about myself or had some core principle of my consciousness upheld. The first time I shroomed, I was moved to tears watching a spider weave its web, perfectly framed between two swaying redwood trees. This renewed my appreciation for the everyday miracles of nature. To this day, I’ll often stand on the sidewalk of my busy DC-area street and watch a leaf drop to the ground with a similar sense of wonder – something that no doubt vexes hurried commuters.

Perhaps my most profound experience came during a trip that was by all accounts transcendental.

I was walking along a path in my favorite stretch of forest, and as I broke out into a meadow, all of the trees seemed to bloom simultaneously. I wondered if this is what Heaven was supposed to be like. That led to another thought: what if I was already dead, and that this was my paradise? I began to think of how I hoped my life had meant something, and that I’d gotten to say what I wanted to say to my friends, family and loved ones before I passed. I then began to think of what exactly I would say to  these people if I knew my death was imminent. Far from being a negative or morose experience, I made peace with my eventual death, and I often revisit those thoughts.

I used shrooms two weeks before 6423235_c04495719e_bundergoing major reconstructive surgery after a skiing accident, steeling myself for the pain and rehab as I stood on a beach and watched the pounding waves from a winter storm. I used them after my recovery was complete, relishing being able to run, jump, climb and roll around on a secluded, sandy beach on a early fall afternoon. I used them to come to terms with ending a relationship, and another time, to begin a new one.

Not every trip was a good one, but even the bad ones taught me things. I learned I’ve got the psychological stamina to turn around severe fear. I once was nearly bitten by a black widow spider after finding myself covered in ticks after my sober buddy (don’t trip solo!) convinced me that crawling through a dense thicket was the best way back to a trail.

It wasn’t all just feel-good hippy stuff, either. Shrooms helped steer me on my current career path. Some thoughts I had during a trip compelled me to check out all the books my university library had on Middle Eastern politics and history, which informed my decision to study the M.E. in graduate school and spend another year traveling through several Arab and Muslim countries while studying Arabic and gaining a first-hand appreciation for the region and its culture. In turn, I’m now employed in a position that pays me to read, write and study the Middle East, and I couldn’t be happier.

It’s been over six years since my last trip, and I don’t know if another one’s in the future. Professional considerations make it unlikely, and I honestly don’t know if I have the right mindset for it anymore. At the time when I used them, it was right for me. Psilocybin is a powerful and potent thing that can’t just be abused whenever you’re looking to escape. I made that mistake a couple of times, and I didn’t gain the profound lessons that my more memorable trips gave me.

If used with caution and an open mind, psilocybin can show you things about yourself and the world that you’d never considered. I’d never say that EVERYONE must try it at some point in their life. But if it’s something you’re curious about it, try it and see where it takes you. You’ll always remember the journey.

(Photo by Flickrite underbunny)

Cathedrals For Their Time

by Zoë Pollock

Tony Judt waxed poetic about trains and the railways that carried them:

They were about travel as pleasure, travel as adventure, travel as the archetypical modern experience. Patrons and clients were not supposed to just buy a ticket and go; they were meant to linger and imagine and dream (which is one reason why “platform tickets” came into being and were very much used). That is why stations were designed, often quite deliberately, on the model of cathedrals, with their spaces and facilities divided into naves, apses, side chapels, and ancillary offices and rituals. 

Talking About Religion On Facebook

by Zoë Pollock

Apparently it can make you more popular:

Among the findings [from text analysis of 1 million anonymized messages]: Young people swear more than older people and older people talk about other people more than just themselves. Popular people are more likely to talk about other people, TV and movies, to swear and use religious words. Less popular people are more likely to talk about work, sleeping, eating and thinking.

“Between Politics And Peace”

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by Zoë Pollock

An old, yellowed copy of Saul Bellow's To Jerusalem And Back: A Personal Account from 1976 couldn't have been a better companion for my recent trip to Israel (courtesy of the Taglit/ birthright organization). So much of the landscape he describes hasn't changed:

The air, the very air, is thought-nourishing in Jerusalem, the Sages themselves said so. I am prepared to believe it. I know that it must have special properties. The delicacy of the light also affects me. I look downward toward the Dead Sea, over broken rocks and small houses with bulbous roofs. The color of these is that of the ground itself, and on this strange deadness the melting air presses with an almost human weight. Something intelligible, something metaphysical is communicated by these colors. The universe interprets itself before your eyes in the openness of the rock-jumbled valley ending in dead water. Elsewhere you die and disintegrate. Here you die and mingle. …

The Western part of the Old City's sixteenth-century wall comes to an end in a narrow paved road. There is no reason this hill should have a voice, emit a note audible only to a man facing it across the valley. What is there to communicate? It must be that a world from which mystery has been extirpated makes your modern heart ache and increases suggestibility. In poetry you welcome such suggestibility. When it erupts at the wrong time (in rational context) you send for the police; these psychological police drive out your criminal "animism." Your respectable aridity is restored. Nevertheless, I will not forget that I was communicated with.

I was similarly moved in ways I'm still working to understand, but, like Bellow, the stunning beauty of the country led me to think even more of the political dilemmas that lurk in the shadows:

The slightest return of beauty makes you aware how deep your social wounds are, how painful it is to think continually of nothing but aggression and defense, superpowers, diplomacy, terrorism, war. Such preoccupations shrink art to nothing.

My trip was short, and I only befriended and travelled with eight young Israelis, who couldn't have been kinder. I've got neither the experience nor the expertise to understand the psyche of an entire people. I'm beyond grateful to know more and to have felt more (even if they were often conflicting emotions) than I had before. The day I returned home, the NYT reported on the recent spike in settlement developments. I've come away from my experience with a measure of sadness about how difficult the road ahead will be. More than thirty years after Bellow's journey there, his conflicting emotions and uncertainty about the way forward still resonate today:

The position is this: if we do not draw the line we will be dismembered. We must forget about political settlements and rely upon our strength. I don't know how much reality there is in this – little, I suspect. But there are no smooth alternatives. All of them are full of difficulty, vexation, heartbreak.

(Image by Flickr user premasagar)