The Cost Of Smoking

Don Taylor calculates it:

We … estimated that the social cost of smoking in 2000 was around $40/pack of cigarettes, distributed as follows:

• $33 private cost: borne by the individual, primarily through a substantially shortened lifespan
• $5.50 quasi-external cost: borne by the smokers’ family through increased health costs, slightly lower wages and other factors
• $1.50 external cost: borne by society, and representing the net effect of things like taxes paid, Medicaid and Medicare payments, and Social Security received

A Right To Die? Ctd

Like Kevin Drum, Ezra Klein finds Douthat's case against assisted suicide weak. But Klein remains conflicted:

[T]his article by Ezekiel Emanuel continues to give me pause. Emanuel shows that unbearable physical agony is almost never the reason patients give for seeking euthanasia. “My own recent study of cancer patients, conducted in Boston, reveals that those with pain are more likely than others to oppose physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia,” he writes.

“These patients are also more likely to say that they would ask to change doctors if their attending physician indicated that he or she had performed physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. No study has ever shown that pain plays a major role in motivating patient requests for physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia.” Depression and other forms of mental distress — which are, of course, a sort of pain — are by far the more common motivator.

Drum dismisses Emanuel's concerns.

Innocents Behind Bars

Radley Balko reports on wrongful convictions:

It’s notable that one of the few places in America where a district attorney has specifically dedicated staff and resources to seeking out bad convictions—Dallas County, Texas—has produced more exonerations than all but a handful of states.

That’s partly because Dallas County District Attorney Craig Watkins is more interested in reopening old cases than his counterparts elsewhere, and partly because of a historical quirk: Since the early 1980s the county has been sending biological crime scene evidence to a private crime lab for testing, and that lab has kept the evidence well preserved. Few states require such evidence be preserved once a defendant has exhausted his appeals, and in some jurisdictions the evidence is routinely destroyed at that point.

“I don’t think there was anything unique about the way Dallas was prosecuting crimes,” Watkins told me in 2008. “It’s unfortunate that other places didn’t preserve evidence too. We’re just in a unique position where I can look at a case, test DNA evidence from that period, and say without a doubt that a person is innocent.…But that doesn’t mean other places don’t have the same problems Dallas had.”

Walking A Minefield

A helmet-cam video documents the explosions:



James Dao captions:

The edited version, which includes narration by Specialist Gannon, captures the eerie suddenness of the explosions, and, in the case of Specialist Hayes, the efforts of his platoon sergeant and two medics to aid and comfort him. What it does not quite capture are the raw emotions of the soldiers: the nervousness many felt climbing the hill, their anger and frustration after the explosions.

The Daily Wrap

Today on the Dish, and Andrew backtracked on his original defense of Weiner since the lying complicates things. Savage scoffed at those who characterized Weiner's horniness as an illness to be cured, and unbeknownst to Weiner, Jewish girls do give blowjobs. Thatcher rejected Palin, Henry Blodget appealed for some Trig closure, and America got Palinized. GOP candidates puffed up their radical chests and the shameless battled the clueless. Obama put politics before policy on the debt, but his popularity defied election logic. Healthcare managed to include the worst of both public and private worlds, Reagan and Thatcher never touched their healthcare systems, and when you factor in medical costs our US taxes aren't really that low compared to the rest of the world.

Syria slipped towards civil war, we encouraged readers to help find Amina, and women feared for their rights in Tunisia. Joe Klein predicted a faster withdrawl from Afghanistan, and Israeli settlers lashed out.

Saletan connected assisted suicide to abortion, Dan Savage defended assisted suicide, and Drum wasn't buying Douthat's religious slippery slope. Sexsomnia exists, and reparative therapy for homosexuals still doesn't work. We applied to daughter test to the drug war, 800,000 people are arrested each year for marijuana alone, and consumer protections for banking might actually help the financial sector. Readers debated moving icebergs, and Twitter combined the worlds of text and speech. Babies skated, Smurfs weren't facists, and being bourgeois wasn't all bad.

Dissents of the day here, Moore award here, Yglesias award here, chart of the day here, FOTD here, MHB here, VFYW here, and winner #53 here.

–Z.P.

Yglesias Award Nominee

"Weiner didn’t commit adultery or anything near adultery. He committed tasteless stupidity, and there’s no law against that. When reporters first asked him about the expose reports, he should have said “Butt out.”

The biggest offense in this case is the dirtying of the public airwaves and news-waves with ugly, trivial junk; it’s an offense like the one that used to be popular a generation ago with “urban youths,” who would carry around giant boom boxes and play music (or whatever it was) at deafening volumes.

For my part I couldn’t care less what sort of pictures or messages Weiner has been sending around the Net, and it’s an imposition to be required to care; to be unable to avoid the topic. I find that I have no interest in Congressman Anthony Weiner’s sex life or virtual sex life whatsoever. And I’ve heard enough tearful on-camera contrition to last me the rest of my life. I don’t want to hear Weiner’s apology. It’s got nothing to do with me, tells me nothing I want to know; the cable news media, conservative and liberal, would do the public a favor if they would agreed to a blanket tearful-apologies ban effective this instant. And in the future, let Weiner and everyone else who has done some trivial stupid thing that no one actually gives a damn about keep his apologies to himself," – David Gelernter, National Review.

The Daughter Test, Ctd

A reader writes:

The Daughter Test rings awfully sexist to me. All I see is a man basing his opinion on how far the government should go about policing behavior on how much individual freedom he thinks his daughter ought to have. That seems like a veiled way of saying government is for controlling certain people "for their own good." And those certain people have been judged as lacking the ability of self-governance. It's rationalizing oppression, since presumably he loves his daughter and thus it is only out of love. But why not The Son Test? Because the son, like the father, possess the ability of self-governance.

Another writes:

Your readers make some good points, but how about the fact that Levitt calls it the "daughter" test (as opposed to the "son" or "child" test) in the first place?  Sure, as Chris Rock points out, all dads want to keep their daughter off the pole (or, in Douthat's parlance, from becoming a "streetwalker".) But do you suppose Levitt, or most voters, would have a similar reaction if their little Steven or Ross Jr one day became a John and entered into the other side of the streetwalker's contract? Would they want law enforcement involved then?

To flip the script, it's date rape when your son plies a girl with booze until she's too drunk to say no, but would we call it that if it was our daughter doing that to a man? We might still recognize it as wrong, but would it evoke the same level of consternation (i.e. would we want it to be illegal)? Maybe, maybe not. Gender-based standards are inherently amorphous.

And as others, including Ross, have acknowledged, their parenting standards differ from mine. What you deem acceptable for your daughter I may not, and visa versa. Why should you be able to impose your parenting standards on me? Of course, the answer is that you are not. The Supreme Court has even recognized the right to have and raise children the way we want as a fundamental right, sacrosanct and subject to strict scrutiny (Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205). So if we don't allow the government to tell us how to raise our children, why should we subject ourselves to a rule of law that is essentially a referendum on how other people would have us raise our children? Simple, we shouldn't.

Another:

How about this for a better "Daughter Test": An activity should be illegal if you do not want your daughter participating in the activity AND you feel comfortable calling the police if you find out she is participating in that activity. Frankly, the original is the product of a laziness and sloppiness of thought which borders on offensive.

Another:

I know this is not what the author of the article means, but this story about a 40-year-old female surgeon in Saudi Arabia not being able to marry is probably the end result of the "The Daughter Test" being taken to the extreme. My problem with the original author's well-meaning paternalism is that it has often been the excuse for an inexcusable smothering of liberty in this country, and still is the excuse in places like Saudi Arabia. I don't consider myself a libertarian by any means, but you do see their point in that even the most human instinct to "preserve and protect" can end up making a mess of things when backed by force of law. This will always be true as long as there are people who are willing to act in bad faith and abuse the system.

Another is on the same page:

Levitt's daughter test sounds like an excellent argument for Sharia law, and it reminds me of a discussion our Intelligence Officer (himself a Muslim) gave us back in my army days.  After dispelling the obvious canard that Muslims simply hate freedom, he acknowledged that the Muslim world's priorities as to freedom are weighed differently than the U.S.'s.  Whereas the U.S. generally values individual freedom more highly over than the ability to impose morality (particularly on one's family), the Muslim world generally prizes the ability to impose that morality above individual freedom. 

So the U.S. ends up with marti gras and Girls Gone Wild because of an attitude of, "I don't approve of my daughter doing that, but it's a free country."  Meanwhile strict Muslim communities may impose the hajib due to an attitude of, "I'd like the freedom to dress how I would like, but I'll sacrifice that freedom to restrict my daughter from being able to make a choice I disapprove of."

And lastly, a somewhat dissenting reader:

I think what many of my fellow readers are missing is the relationship between legalization and encouragement. While I personally am for legalizing marijuana, and at least some form of decriminalization of prostitution, I worry about what will result. Although legalization is not itself encouragement of a practice, there is a danger that it will be perceived that way, and perception is always more important than reality.  When would we see the first prostitute-themed reality show on MTV effectively glamorizing and encouraging the lifestyle for impressionable young women?

Also, just because there are prostitutes in every city does not mean that criminalization of prostitution is ineffective.  For all we know (and I think we can assume this), if it were not criminalized, there would be MORE prostitutes in every city.  Presence alone is not determinative of success – quantity of presence matters too.

Similarly with marijuana, just because one can order it easily online or via the phone in almost any city across the country does not mean that the drug war is necessarily a complete failure (the drug war is a failure because of incarceration-practices).  For every person who ignores its illegality, there are countless others who stick to drinking alcohol because they don't want to break the law, or are generally nervous about doing so.

Why Do Americans Pay So Much For Healthcare?

Among Noah Millman's answers:

A great deal of it is due to the fact that America’s health-care providers earn a lot more on average than those of other countries. But the big driver of this disparity is that America has vastly more specialists. And the big driver of that disparity is that everybody would like to see specialists more easily, and you can only do that if you have more specialists. And since America has fewer incentives for cost-containment, Americans get what they want (and pay for it), and people in other countries do more queuing. (And they do the most queuing in systems that employ health-care providers directly, which is exactly what you’d expect – when prices are driven down artificially by a monopsony buyer, supply dries up.)

Face Of The Day

Seahorse

Liz Stinson reveals the process of artist Iori Tomita:

Tomita first removes the scales and skin of fish that have been preserved in formaldehyde. Next he soaks the creatures in a stain that dyes the cartilage blue. Tomita uses a digestive enzyme called trypsin, along with a host of other chemicals, to break down the proteins and muscles, halting the process just at the moment they become transparent but before they lose their form. The bones are then stained with red dye, and the brilliant beast is preserved in a jar of glycerin. The extensive production takes five months to a year, but the result is an arresting look at the inner workings of underwater life.

Reclaiming Bourgeois

James Seaton reviews The Bourgeois Virtues: Ethics for an Age of Commerce by Deirdre McCloskey. McCloskey argues that capitalism "not only allows but encourages individuals to exercise the seven traditional virtues—courage, justice, temperance, prudence, faith, hope, and love— both in and outside the market":

Deirdre McCloskey is out to demonstrate that life under capitalism—bourgeois life—nourishes the virtues more than life under feudalism, socialism, or any other alternative. She claims that “actually existing capitalism, not the collectivisms of the left or of the right, has reached beyond mere consumption, producing the best art and the best people.” Even if capitalism were not able to do what almost all observers agree it does do—deliver the goods—McCloskey argues that it would, on moral grounds, still be the best economic and social system around: “Had capitalism not enriched the world by a cent nonetheless its bourgeois, antifeudal virtues would have made us better people than in the world we have lost.”