The Caffeine Gene?

David Johnson believes that genetics plays a significant role in whether coffee is good or bad for you:

If one thinks of coffee as a drug, then the notion that the benefits of heavy coffee consumption might outweigh the risks seems very counterintuitive. That is, due to the brain's propensity to maintain homeostasis, drug taking, either legal or illegal, usually involves some significant cost benefit analysis, a trade off between the good (the high, buzz, relief from psychic or physical pain) and the bad (side effects, withdrawal, expense, long-term effects on health, etc…) Yet, the evidence on long-term caffeine intake seems to put it in a distinctive class of its own.

More on caffeine's exceptionalism here. Johnson's explanation of how caffeine jacks you up is here. I could not live without it.

The New Southern Belle, Ctd

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A reader writes:

I just read the whole Allison Glock article and I am fixin' to throw a fit. I grew up in a Bible-loving town in Virginia, raised by two New Jersey transplants. I love biscuits and sweet tea but also a slice of Jersey Shore pizza. I say "y'all" but also have a Jersey accent when I say "coffee." I also get to listen to Southerners and Northerners talk about why they are better than the other. Ms. Glock loves to describe the charms of Southern women, and while I admit that some of the things she describes are charming, I don't think they are more present in the South than in the North.

I didn't realize that women in Manhattan no longer cared about their looks. I also did not know that women in the North were not caretakers the way Southern women were. I will be sure to tell that to my New Jersey aunts and grandmother who take wonderful care of everyone, far better than some women I know. And since when do only Southern women use Spanx and Aquanet? Has she never seen Snooki's poof?

If Ms. Glock feels the need to write an essay on the differences between Southern women and Northern women and how one is better than the other, I do not think that she is post-feminist. In fact, I question whether she really knows what the word means. I think she might just be nostalgic for home, which is totally fine, but she shouldn't blame Northern women for the problem. Instead, maybe she could ask some Northern women to show her where they buy Spanx and Aquanet above the Mason-Dixon line. I am betting that there are some charming Northern women out there who would gladly help her out

Another is equally vehement:

Hogwash.  While I tend to agree that Southern Women, as a group, have a certain… er… common diversity that separates them from women in other areas, the article reeks of a self-possessed pseudo mythology that seems to have the same origins of traditional male representations of Southern womanhood – that of the plantation, of men placing women on pedestals while keeping them squarely under their thumbs.

Yglesias Award Nominee

"When John Boehner at the height of the debt ceiling crisis answered [Obama] on the national media he simply did not tell the truth. He said that the president would not compromise, would not take yes for an answer, and wanted it all his own way.

But he cannot have forgotten that he had negotiated Obama into far more cuts than Obama and his caucus had wanted, thought wise or even palatable in return for a modest increase in revenue to be achieved by closing egregious and unfair loopholes in personal and corporate taxes. This is the same compromise recommended by the “Gang of Six,” which included the extremely conservative and admirably patriotic Senator Tom Coburn, by the bipartisan Bowles-Simpson group, and by Republican economists like Martin Feldstein.

It was the Speaker who, Arafat-like, walked away from that deal because he concluded he lacked the skill or the muscle or the spine to sell it to his own caucus. Let it be said that this compromise included recalculating the cost of living formula for social security—a change every responsible economist recommends—but the equally rigid Nancy Pelosi rejected," – Charles Fried, Ronald Reagan's solicitor-general.

The Fairy Tale Of Drew Westen

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Well, in Andrew Sprung's words, today's brutal, unsparing attack on Obama from the dreamy left was "a rhetorical nuke dropped on ground zero in the liberal heartland." I have no doubt that it will appeal to many who are depressed and demoralized by a presidency fighting both a global depression and a brutal, extremist right-wing opposition. And the one good element of the piece is that it starts from the very beginning, with disappointment that Obama didn't launch from Day One into a reprise of an idealized modern FDR and LBJ wrapped into one. Sprung's is a must-read in response.

To take just one point, does Westen believe that, after TARP, a much bigger stimulus would have been able to get through Congress? And for what? These are not the 1930s, and in a much higher tech society, Depression era shovel-ready projects were not so easy to find. And the aversion to tax cuts seems strange. Aren't they among the most effective way to stimulate demand quickly? And how much debt would we now have with such a stimulus? The trouble with telling stories is that fiction isn't fact. And Obama faced a country that had become so leveraged in public and private that the 1930s option Westen wanted was a chimera. Is $14 trillion not enough debt?

Westen laments that Obama failed to rally the country with a clear explanation of the baddies (whom close to half the country voted for) versus the goodies. Westen is simply wrong and Sprung tackles every specific complaint Westen makes with a clear Obama speech doing exactly what Westen wanted. For example:

Westen:

Nor did anyone explain what health care reform was supposed to accomplish (other than the unbelievable and even more uninspiring claim that it would “bend the cost curve”), or why “credit card reform” had led to an increase in the interest rates they were already struggling to pay.

Obama, Sept. 9, 2009:

Our collective failure to meet this challenge — year after year, decade after decade — has led us to the breaking point.  Everyone understands the extraordinary hardships that are placed on the uninsured, who live every day just one accident or illness away from bankruptcy.  These are not primarily people on welfare.  These are middle-class Americans.  Some can't get insurance on the job.  Others are self-employed, and can't afford it, since buying insurance on your own costs you three times as much as the coverage you get from your employer.  Many other Americans who are willing and able to pay are still denied insurance due to previous illnesses or conditions that insurance companies decide are too risky or too expensive to cover.

We are the only democracy — the only advanced democracy on Earth — the only wealthy nation — that allows such hardship for millions of its people.  There are now more than 30 million American citizens who cannot get coverage.  In just a two-year period, one in every three Americans goes without health care coverage at some point.  And every day, 14,000 Americans lose their coverage.  In other words, it can happen to anyone. But the problem that plagues the health care system is not just a problem for the uninsured.  Those who do have insurance have never had less security and stability than they do today.   More and more Americans worry that if you move, lose your job, or change your job, you'll lose your health insurance too.  More and more Americans pay their premiums, only to discover that their insurance company has dropped their coverage when they get sick, or won't pay the full cost of care.  It happens every day.

I remember that speech vividly. It was the most persuasive case I have ever heard for real reform, and it ended with universal healthcare, a goal every president before him failed to achieve.  I agree on one thing: the case for this law was subsequently left unmade. But I have a feeling that when the GOP promises to repeal it, we will hear again. And the case cannot be made by one man alone. His party, including its liberal wing, ran away from the reform almost as soon as it was passed. And the liberal media outlets did the same, referring to sulk about the public option rather than see and celebrate and explain the very real progress that had been made.

What Westen seems to have wanted was the Democratic version of George W. Bush, contemptuous of his opponents, ruthless in his often unconstitutional determination to get his agenda through, divisive and polarizing. But Obama would not have won election on those grounds and did not have a mandate for that. He was elected as a moderate Democrat, prepared to engage any pragmatic solution to obvious problems, while not splitting an already polarized country even further.

That he has tried to do, against an opposition party that decided to double down on polarization, on politics as warfare, on politics as a game, and bereft of any ideas except taking us back to before the New Deal. What has to be defeated is not just their agenda, but their modus operandi. Only by patiently out-lasting and out-arguing them will Obama be able to do this. And it says a lot about the utopian left that they do not see the wisdom and responsibility of this strategy.

(Photo: U.S. President Barack Obama speaks to supporters during a fundraiser at the Aragon Ballroom on August 3, 2011 in Chicago, Illinois. The fundraiser, billed as a birthday celebration for the President who turns 50 years old tomorrow, featured entertainment by Herbie Hancock, Jennifer Hudson and others. By Scott Olson/Getty Images.)

Why We’re Kind

It's about the simplest explanation you could expect:

Essentially, it's that every social encounter between two people involves a guess about whether or not you'll meet again in the future; you have to decide whether or not an interaction will be "one-shot" or "repeated." By modeling "one-shot discrimination" in a computer, the group has shown that it makes more sense to presume that you'll meet again down the road. … To the researchers, it suggests that "human generosity, far from being a thin veneer of cultural conditioning atop a Machiavellian core, may turn out to be a bedrock feature of human nature." Why? Because thousands of years of small-town living have left their mark.

If you're not such an evolutionary psychologist, I recommend Adam Phillips' and Barbara Taylor's lovely short book on kindness. A philosophical beach-read, if that isn't a contradiction in terms.

Can Robots Be More Ethical Than Soldiers?

Georgia Institute of Technology's Ronald Arkin is developing a more "ethical" robot for combat. Chris Carroll reports:

In the tumult of battle, robots wouldn't be affected by volatile emotions. Consequently 3165314131_ac892051dc_o they'd be less likely to make mistakes under fire, Arkin believes, and less likely to strike at noncombatants. In short, they might make better ethical decisions than people.

In Arkin's system a robot trying to determine whether or not to fire would be guided by an "ethical governor" built into its software. When a robot locked onto a target, the governor would check a set of preprogrammed constraints based on the rules of engagement and the laws of war. An enemy tank in a large field, for instance, would quite likely get the go-ahead; a funeral at a cemetery attended by armed enemy combatants would be off-limits as a violation of the rules of engagement.

(Photo by Flickr user cma3)