Chopping Broccoli

A reader writes:

If Solicitor General Verrilli struggled on Day Two to define a concise “limiting principle” for Obamacare, it’s probably because he worked too hard to distinguish the Justices’ hypothetical examples from the health insurance mandate. It’s not that there’s something inherently different between health care and, say, undertakers (Alito’s hypothetical), 9-1-1 cell phones (Roberts’) or broccoli (Scalia’s). The real question to answer is, “What is it about broccoli that might compel Congress to use its “commerce clause” authority to force us all to buy the flowery green vegetable?” Mr. Verrilli shouldn’t have to litigate the case for broccoli or for cell phones or for funeral services here. That “burden of justification” ought to be deferred to some future Supreme Court case when the Congress finally gets around to passing those mandates. Surely the Congress wouldn’t pass such a law without a powerful reason. But suppose that Mr. Verrelli had entertained the broccoli hypothetical a little more seriously. To make the argument more concrete, he could simply substitute the word “broccoli” for “health care”:

In other words, sooner or later, everybody is going to have to eat their “broccoli.” But some people are going to get their “broccoli” for free while others will be paying extra for their “broccoli” because they’re covering the “broccoli” costs of all those freeloaders. Moreover, people all over the country are being bankrupted by the high cost of “broccoli” because they didn’t buy it when it was cheap but waited until they needed it. All of this is happening because there doesn’t exist a free market for “broccoli”; rather, that market is being controlled by middle men who’ve rigged the system to deny “broccoli” to those who need it most. Clearly then, the Congress has the needed authority – even the duty – to promote a fairer and more even playing field for consumers of “broccoli” by using its powers under the Commerce Clause to direct us all to buy “broccoli” – or to pay a “broccoli” fine – so that it’s available to us when we inevitably need it.

Another is more succinct:

How can anyone make the case that individuals should not be forced to buy insurance without also insisting that hospitals have the right to turn away anyone who can’t prove they have the capacity to pay? Scalia asks if the government can force us to buy broccoli. Someone should ask him if it’s constitutional for the government to mandate that grocers give it away?

Another focuses on caskets:

Why not mandate burial insurance, too, as Justice Alito asked? The burial counter-argument is the strongest criticism I’ve heard. Its strength helps uncover why health care is special:

Burial Insurance vs. Health Insurance
One-time expense v. Open-ended, uncertain expense
Small cost for minimum service v. Potentially enormous costs

Nature of minimum service is simple and commonly replicated v. Nature of basic services are complex and highly individualized

Political branches have not identified unpaid burial expenses as major social problem v. Political branches have been debating solutions to this huge social problem for decades

There really is no market like health care. Its unique status justifies the unprecedented individual mandate prior to point of sale.

Another zooms out:

Who cannot see through the idiocy of this “slippery slope” argument that’s being advanced in the extreme? Boiled down to its essence, the argument goes: “If the government can allow X, well then – can’t the government allow anything?” (Let’s also call it the “marriage equality” scare, replacing the X with “gay marriage” and “anything” with “man-on-dog.”) Alternately, substitute the word “outlaw” for the word “allow,” and you can make – Exactly. The Same. Empty. Fearmongering. Argument.

A High Priest In The Order Of Melchizedek Is Running For President, Ctd

A reader writes:

Oh dear. I imagine a good many other Mormons or lapsed Mormons like me have already written in to point out the embarrassing error made by Howard P. Kainz. Anyone who understands Mormonism knows that being a "high priest in the order of Melchizedek" ain't very "high" at all. Every Mormon boy is ordained a high priest at the age (if memory serves) of 18. (You get to be a Deacon and hold the "Aaronic priesthood" at age 12 – that is if you happened to have been born a boy and not a girl.)

Within Mormonism, being a mere high priest is actually kind of lowly.

If you are just a high priest, you can't go on a mission (you need be ordained an Elder to do that). You certainly can't be a Bishop or a Stake President. Those positions are all much higher callings (even as the Bishop still holds the Melchizedek priesthood). So to my ears, Kainz whole analysis of why voters aren't gaping with alarm at the prospect of a Mormon high priest in the White House sounds fatally confused.

The lack of alarm about Romney's "high priest" status is not because that office is so beyond the pale of Christianity that no one fixates on his office they way they would if it were a "Christian" high office like a Priest or Bishop. It's because the broader public seems to understand what Kainz  doesn't seem to grasp: that Romney is not a career pastor or ecclesiastic office holder. He has a secular career (Bain executive, and then one of those GOP "I-Am-Not-A-Politician" politicians). The service he has provided as a Mormon Bishop and then Stake President has always been part-time and unpaid. There is no professional clergy in the LDS church; only "General Authorities" (the core ecclesiastical authorities in Salt Lake City) are given any salary.

I'm pretty astonished that Kainz would write a column without consulting a single Mormon.

Another Mormon:

The comparison to bishops and priests from other Christian faiths is an apples to oranges comparison. Almost all actively practicing males older than 16 in the Mormon church are called "priests," and a large portion of actively practicing older males are "high priests." If you meet a man over 50 who has been active in the LDS church, there is a very high probability that he is a "high priest," and nobody thinks of it as a big deal – except, apparently, non-Mormons (understandably, given the terminology). Harry Reid is almost certainly a "priest," and I would not be surprised if he were also a "high priest" (but I don't know).

Also, Romney is not a bishop. He was a bishop. He no longer holds a leadership position in the church. As you know, those assignments are temporary – we don't have professional clergy except at very high levels. That's another reason that the comparison with other faiths is meaningless. Romney has no official influence over other Mormons. He has no official influence over other church leaders (and he never had official influence over national or worldwide church leaders). And, due to the transitory nature of leadership assignments, there are thousands – probably tens of thousands – of Mormons who have served at the same leadership level as Romney at some time. This makes all the talk of his supposed high level in the church pretty absurd.

P.S. I think the last time an actual high official in the LDS church occupied national office was Senator Reed Smoot from 1903-1933, who was an Apostle (one of 15 members of the worldwide leadership body of the church). He gave us the infamous Smoot-Hawley tariff (as one of my BYU econ professors used to say, the Smoot-Hawley tariff is proof that "our" apostles aren't infallible). The Church now has strict limits on the political activities of its high leadership; you can bet that a Mormon with actual national or international ecclesiastical authority will not run for office again.

Another crunches numbers:

The most recent statistic that the LDS church reported (this was in 1984 when the church membership was half as large as it is now) was that there were 198,000 high priests.  So there are surely over 300,000 high priests now currently in the church. In fact, you have to be a High Priest in order to be a Bishop (the article said that Romney was "not only a bishop, but a high priest"). 300,000 doesn't exactly make the high priest order "sui generis" and the "highest echelon within the religion".

The best way to understand how high Mitt Romney got in the church is to understand that he was a stake president.  There are currently ~ 3,000 LDS stakes in the world and a stake president serves for ~10 years.  Therefore, Romney has served in the LDS church in a calling that is unique to maybe 10,000-15,000 living church members. So, yes, he has held fairly high positions in the church, but definitely not the "upper echelons".

Update from another reader, who clarifies the first:

He or she is confusing the position of priest in the Aaronic priesthood with the position of high priest in the Melchizedek priesthood. The hierarchy of LDS priesthood goes like this: Aaronic Priesthood: offices of deacon, teacher, priest. These are usually young men 12-19, though not always. Melchizedek priesthood: elder, high priest, seventy, patriarch, apostle. These are always grown men. The reader is right about it not being of any particular import – most LDS males are either elders or high priests – but it's definitely not something teenagers have and it is about the highest level of priesthood a LDS male will ever hold.

Obamacare’s Chances

What Jonathan Cohn is hearing:

Before [Tuesday's] arguments, credible legal experts were still thinking the court would uphold the law by a majority of six-to-three or even seven-to-two. Now the betting seems much more mixed, with the smartest court watchers I know suggesting the outcome could really go either way. The odds, in other words, are 50-50 at best. 

The Rebirth Of The Salesman

Good products are important:

But a sizable salesforce is also key:

The big challenge for any retailer is to make sure that the people coming into the store actually buy stuff, and research suggests that not scrimping on payroll is crucial. In a study published at the Wharton School, Marshall Fisher, Jayanth Krishnan, and Serguei Netessine looked at detailed sales data from a retailer with more than five hundred stores, and found that every dollar in additional payroll led to somewhere between four and twenty-eight dollars in new sales. Stores that were understaffed to begin with benefitted more, stores that were close to fully staffed benefitted less, but, in all cases, spending more on workers led to higher sales. A study last year of a big apparel chain found that increasing the number of people working in stores led to a significant increase in sales at those stores.

What Can The Government Make You Do?

Noah Millman still expects Obamacare to be upheld. His stab at a "limiting principle":

[T]he government can’t order you to do things (except in the context of a military draft), only to pay for things, and that’s precisely because ordering you to buy something is substantively identical to taxing you and providing you with that thing (whether directly or through a private provider). In either case, you pay the money and you get the product or service, whether you want the thing or not. That distinction – between purchases and other acts – is not a specious distinction.

Randy Barnett, who has possibly been " the key legal thinker developing the case against the Affordable Care Act’s individual mandate," has a different view:

[T]he duty to pay taxes is part of your duty to support the government in return for the protections the government gives you. What the government is claiming here is this power — and this ought to disturb people on the left — to make people do business with private companies when Congress thinks it’s convenient.

Their Move, Ctd

A reader writes:

I am a teacher in a Title 1 Bronx HS and I have run the chess club here for a number of years, so this documentary really appeals to me. However, Linda Holmes is more than right to worry in terms of film history. The focus will not just move from student to teacher, underprivileged minority student to white teacher, but just as bad, the film will likely slip easily into the Hollywood trope of the Teacher as Martyr.

In the NYT Op-Ed a few years ago, teacher Tom Moore wrote a piece called Classroom Distinctions (01/19/07) that discussed a nearly endless list of inner city school-based movies that share all the same qualities. All of them are teacher-centric films where the teacher "saves" the students by believing in them. The price for this salvation is usually the teacher's relationships outside the school, the teacher's health, or both. On the list of movies in that article, you may not be surprised to learn, is a movie about chess, staring Ted Danson as the savior/martyr, called Knights of the South Bronx. The word "trite" just doesn't seem strong enough to me when I think about the continued oversimplifying and mythologizing of the role of teacher in America.

Another writes:

If Hollywood does make a movie about these chess players, I hope they will give a starring role to Sean Nelson, who starred at age 14 in the underappreciated movie Fresh (1994), about a chess prodigy from the projects who puts his talents to practical use.  It was a movie that still burns in the memory, 18 years later.

(Video: a scene from Fresh)