Chart Of The Day

pontifficating

Micah Cohen examines the Papal betting markets:

[C]urrently, four of the top six contenders are from Italy, including Cardinal Angelo Scola, the archbishop of Milan, who leads the list with an average betting line implying a 23 percent chance of becoming pope. The high ranking of Italian cardinals should not be a surprise. While neither of the last two popes was Italian, before Poland’s John Paul II was elected in 1978 the last non-Italian pope was Adrian VI of the Netherlands, who was elected in 1552.

(Screenshot from dataparadigm.com‘s real-time Papal odds tracker, via Francie Diep)

Urban Blues

Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg studied the brain activity of city dwellers to pinpoint the reasons for their heightened risk of emotional disorders like depression, anxiety and even schizophrenia:

Astonishingly, though, we discovered one particular region, the amygdala, whose activity under pressure exactly matched the subjects’ address: the more urban their home environment, the more engaged their amygdala became. This cherry-size structure, deep within the temporal lobe, serves as a danger sensor of sorts, prompting the “fight or flight” response. It also modulates emotions such as fear. In our study, the amygdala seemed almost impervious to stress among villagers and was only moderately active among those from small towns. For big city residents, stress kicked it into overdrive.

Meanwhile, there could be an app for this: Colin Lecher inspects the progress of two scientists looking to develop and market MoodTune to combat depression more broadly:

You’ll open the app and be directed to a simple game (there are “six or seven” games so far Konig says.) … A face appears onscreen. The user–or patient, depending on your thoughts about the app–looks at the face as words flash above it: “Happy.” “Happy.” “Sad.” “Happy.” The user gets slammed with some serious cognitive dissonance as they try to reconcile the faces and words. After the user is done, he gets a review of his score for the game, as well as his overall progress in treatment.

An exercise like that can cause certain parts of the brain to work overtime, Pizzagalli says. It’s enough, he says, to give certain parts of the brain a “tune-up” and enough, apparently, when done for 15 minutes every day, to counteract some of the symptoms of depression.

Corporate Feminism And The Class Divide, Ctd

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Time’s cover-story features Sheryl Sandberg’s controversial new book, Lean In. An excerpt from the book:

[W]omen rarely make one big decision to leave the workforce. Instead, they make a lot of small decisions along the way. A law associate might decide not to shoot for partner because someday she hopes to have a family. A sales rep might take a smaller territory or not apply for a management role. A teacher might pass on leading curriculum development for her school. Often without even realizing it, women stop reaching for new opportunities. By the time a baby actually arrives, a woman is likely to be in a drastically different place than she would have been had she not leaned back. Before, she was a top performer on par with her peers in responsibility, opportunity and pay. But by not finding ways to stretch herself in the years leading up to motherhood, she has fallen behind. When she returns to the workplace after her child is born, she is likely to feel less fulfilled, underutilized or unappreciated. At this point, she probably scales her ambitions back even further since she no longer believes that she can get to the top.

Caitlin Flanagan pans the book:

Sandberg claims she wants to end the Mommy Wars, and she provides plenty of boilerplate about how staying home with children is “demanding” and “important” work. But whenever she frets that her children might be better off if she spent more time with them, she reminds herself that the feeling is based on “pure emotion, not hard science.” She then goes on to provide research proving that children do no better when raised by their mothers than they do when raised by competent hired caregivers. In other words, staying home to raise one’s children really isn’t that “important” after all, or certainly not more important than making it to the top of corporate America.

Flanagan goes on to argue that, “if a young woman is interested in arranging her life so that she can spend a great deal of time with her children while they are young, Lean In has little to offer her.” Ann Friedman focuses on class issues:

Systemic solutions like more flexible family-leave policies and subsidized childcare would be game-changers for mommy warriors. But, ironically, when such policy solutions are on the table, the people on the front lines agitating for them aren’t professional-track mothers. They’re usually low-wage workers of all genders. 

Case in point: New York City Council Speaker and mayoral hopeful Christine Quinn is single-handedly blocking a bill that would ensure paid sick days for all workers in the city. This news item, which should be at the heart of the work-life balance conversation, has rarely been noted as we huff and puff about Sandberg’s circles and Mayer’s nursery. “While we all worry about the glass ceiling, there are millions of women standing in the basement,” British feminist Laurie Penny once wrote, “and the basement is flooding.” Have you read much about the domestic workers’ strike in California, much less participated in a Twitter debate about it? Me neither. The “mommy wars” is like a discourse borg that manages to absorb and distort all conversations about women and work.

Sylvia Ann Hewlett thinks Sandberg should pay more attention to the power of mentors:

[W]omen with sponsors are 27% more likely than their unsponsored female peers to ask for a raise. They’re 22% more likely to ask for those all-important stretch assignments, the projects that put them on the radar of the higher-ups. The more progress they make, the more satisfied they are, and the likelier they are to lean in — a “sponsor effect” on career advancement that we’ve quantified at 19%. As we noted in Harvard Business Review last October, sponsorship is the one relationship you’ve got to get right.

Jennifer Victor asks whether any of Sandberg’s “suggestions affect the likeable factor”:

Women hold themselves back from achieving success in part because people (men and women) tend to see success as a likable characteristic in men, but an unattractive characteristic in women. A successful man tends to be seen as charismatic and having leadership qualities that are appealing. A successful woman tends to be seen as being bossy, selfish, and all together unpleasant to be around. [Sandberg] cites studies, using compelling experimental design, to make this point.

Kira Goldenberg finds that the book neglects various types of women:

[T]hough she makes a clear effort to include all women—single, married, lesbians, with or without children—in Lean In, her whole philosophy is built around corporate climbers with supportive husbands that shoulder half the childcare. (Where do butch women fit into that suggestion to adhere to societal rules of femininity?)

And Anna Holmes defends Sandberg:

In much of the commentary, I’ve encountered the erroneous assumption that the book is written for corporate power players, which it isn’t, and an odd expectation it should speak for all women, which it shouldn’t. As Erin Matson, writing in January on another high-profile and controversial feminist agitation, Betty Friedan’s “The Feminine Mystique,” put it: “In my experience, people can speak profoundly well for themselves, and do both themselves and others a disservice when they try to speak for everyone else at the same time.” Judged on its merits, “Lean In” is an inauguration more than a last word, and an occasion for celebration. Its imperfections should be regarded not as errors or exclusions but opportunities for advancing the conversation.

Earlier Dish on Sandberg’s book here.

Was The Sequester Overhyped?

Evan Soltas nods:

The most feared outcomes simply haven’t happened. The National Park Service is planning much smaller cutbacks than the widespread closures advertised a week ago. All hell hasn’t broken loose in American airports, as we were told would happen. And many of the scariest claims have proved baseless.

The impact of the sequestration will also be local. Maryland and Virginia will be hit hard, but most other states won’t. Communities beyond the Beltway that are large recipients of federal spending, such as those with military posts and defense contractors, will feel a blow while many others will be spared. Sequestration is poised to have locally significant impacts, but little beyond that.

Surviving Westboro

David Sessions reviews Banisheda new book by former Westboro Baptist Church member Lauren Drain:

Unlike in many other cults, young Westboro members aren’t isolated from the world. They all attend public schools and have nearly uncensored access to television. They’re all on Twitter. Westboro adults use every profanity in the book in everyday conversation. Somehow, even amid the rush of hormones and social pressures of high school, most of their teens don’t break away.

But Drain’s book hints at a sociological crisis that could be breaking the church apart: the lack of church-approved partners for Westboro’s upcoming young adults, most of whom are too closely related to marry one another. (Drain’s family is one of very few in the church not related to the Phelpses.) Sensing the younger generation’s alarm, Westboro leaders have spun out increasingly bizarre edicts on relationships, including, Drain writes, a blanket condemnation of marriage. It may be sex, as well as growing doubts about the harsh regime inside Westboro, that’s motivating young members closer and closer to the center to defect.

Face Of The Day

CORRECTION-SINGAPORE-ANIMAL-ORANGUTAN

A female Bornean orangutan named Mari is seen with her still-to-be-named son at the Singapore Zoo on March 6, 2013. The baby orangutan was born on January 21 at the zoo – the 40th orangutan birth to date – which has the largest social colony of endangerd Sumatran and Bornean sub-species orangutans. By Roslan Rahman/AFP/Getty Images.

Freelancing In The Digital Age

Earlier this week, freelance journalist Nate Thayer publicized an attempt by The Atlantic to get him to repurpose one of his recent articles into a new post, an offer he vehemently rejected once he learned they were not willing to pay him for it. Felix uses the case to take a broader look at the online freelance journalism scene:

The exchange has particular added poignancy because it’s not so many years since the Atlantic offered Thayer $125,000 to write six articles a year for the magazine. How can the Atlantic have fallen so far, so fast — to go from offering Thayer $21,000 per article a few years ago, to offering precisely zero now?

The simple answer is just the size of the content hole: the Atlantic magazine only comes out ten times per year, which means it publishes roughly as many articles in one year as the Atlantic’s digital operations publish in a week. When the volume of pieces being published goes up by a factor of 50, the amount paid per piece is going to have to go down. …

[In digital], everybody does everything — including writing, and once you start working there, you realize pretty quickly that things go much more easily and much more quickly when pieces are entirely produced in-house than when you outsource the writing part to a freelancer. At a high-velocity shop like Atlantic Digital, freelancers just slow things down — as well as producing all manner of back-end headaches surrounding invoicing and the like. The result is that Atlantic Digital’s freelancer budget is minuscule, and that any extra marginal money going into the editorial budget is overwhelmingly likely to be put into hiring new full-time staff, rather than beefing up the amount spent on freelancers.

Alexis sees both sides of the freelancer coin:

[T]he truth is, I don’t have a great answer for Nate Thayer, or other freelancers who are trying to make it out there. It was never an easy life, but there were places who would pay your expenses to go report important stories and compensate you in dollars per word, not pennies. You could research and craft. And there were outlets — not a ton, but some — that could send you a paycheck that would keep you afloat. … I don’t like to ask people for work that we can’t pay for. But I’m not willing to take a hardline and prevent someone who I think is great from publishing with us without pay. My main point and (to be normative about it) the main point in these negotiations is this: What do you, the writer, get out of this?

But the fact is, a lot of people *do* get stuff out of it. They’re changing careers into journalism, say. Or they’re a scholar who wants to reach a broader audience. Or they’ve got a book coming out. Or they’re a kid who begs you (begs you!) to take a flier on them, and you have to spend way too much time with her, but it’s worth it because you believe she’s talented, even if you know the story isn’t going to garner a big audience.

The Sanitation Worker Closet, Ctd

A reader writes:

For five years I directed the BBC’s top hidden camera show. One of our secrets to avoiding detection was to disguise our production stuff with sanitation outfits/men working coveralls. As Nagle points out in your post, it wasn’t the case that the people we pranked saw our production stuff yet ignored them because they were “common”. I’d argue they literally didn’t see them – the brain filtered them out before their existence reached the level of human awareness.

Another reader:

I worked on a production here in Austin that addressed this problem a couple years ago. Andy Garrison made a film about it, Trash Dance, and it’s won several awards at festivals and is about to be broadly released. The effect of the project was immense. People suddenly started asking their trash people their names, waving to the trucks and appreciating all the hard work they do to keep the city looking good. It was such a coup for Solid Waste Services, they asked us to do it again as a repeat performance, and it was even more successful the second time.

Another;

For a great Australian movie on the subject, see Kenny.

Trailer above.

On The Edge Of Their Ballots

KENYA-VOTE

Kenya is currently awaiting the results of its first election in years following voting on Monday. Traci Oshiro sets the scene:

The last time Kenya held elections in 2007, about 1,000 people were killed and thousands more injured. Violence has also marked this election with 19 killed this past Monday, attacks attributed to separatists. IEBC chairman Issack Hassan at a press conference called for people to “resist making early judgments about who has won,” and said final results would not be released for 48 hours. … A candidate must get 50% of votes cast plus one vote in order to win outright, in addition to at least 25% of votes in half of Kenya’s 47 counties. If no-one achieves that, the vote will go to a run-off, probably on 11 April.

Early results show Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta leading Prime Minister Raila Odinga. The International Criminal Court has charged Kenyatta with crimes against humanity for his role in the violence surrounding the 2007 election. Neha Paliwal highlights efforts to prevent a recurrence of that bloodshed:

In one of the most interesting monitoring initiatives surrounding the election, Uchaguzi, the electoral arm of the data visualization company Ushahidi, has used crowdsourced reports to collect information on irregularities happening around the country. Through Twitter, email, and a form on Uchaguzi’s website, Kenyans have submitted more than 4,456 messages from almost 1,700 locations. After going through an approval and verification process, these citizen-generated reports have helped paint a clearer picture of how the election really went.

Violence has been reported … in Nairobi, Nyeri, Kipsigak, Naivasha, and Mombasa, but most mishaps in the country seem to have stemmed from administrative failures and problems with new biometric voter registration machines that were meant to modernize the process.

Despite such problems, Duncan Onyango was inspired by how well the voting seemed to go:

We are in a crucial period right now and it is palpable. However, I – along with so many Kenyans – am hopeful that peace will endure. I say that because of how strikingly different this election feels compared with 2007. On Monday morning, I thought I’d be among the first to vote but there were others with a better idea – I understand that some people queued up at 3AM. Voter turnout estimates ranging from 70 to even 88 percent show that Kenyans were eager to exercise their democratic rights. Most importantly, it’s a clear sign that they’ve overcome the cynicism that followed the 2007 general elections. The queues were long but good-humored, a little disorganized at first (which caused significant frustrations at some polling stations) but things moved smoothly overall.

Meanwhile, Solomon A. Dersso worries about the number of rejected ballots that “could make a difference between winning and losing” and seemed related to confusion over the poorly differentiated color-coding of ballots and ballot boxes. Gregory Warner notes that voters with color blindness, as much as 4% of the population, were especially likely to have been disadvantaged. The number of rejected ballots has since dropped significantly, but Odinga’s campaign is now alleging that the results have been doctored. In 2007, Odinga made a similar claim that sparked the violence.

(Photo: Kenyan paramilitary soldiers stand guard outside of a polling station as ballot-counting continues on March 6, 2013 in Mathare slum, in Nairobi. By Simon Maina/AFP/Getty Images)