Why do sunflowers track the Sun from east to west every day? New research indicates the plants “are not responding simply to light, but also to an internal clock”:
Plant biologists Hagop Atamian and Stacey Harmer of the University of California in Davis grew sunflowers in a field and then transferred them to growth chambers with a fixed overhead light that was always on. The plants continued their daily journey from east to west and back for several days after the transfer, suggesting that they were not responding only to the direction of the light, but their own timekeeper….
The researchers went on to study gene expression on each side of the plant. Atamian hopes to use this data to learn more about how a sunflower’s internal clock can alter growth on one side of the stem but not the other. “Somehow the same clock in the same organ is having opposite effects on opposite sides of the stem,” he says. “It’s a big open question.”
Other plants perform a similar diurnal dance, including agriculturally important crops such as soybeans, cotton and alfalfa. Such solar tracking has been shown to boost plant yield. But sunflowers eventually weary of the waltz. Mature sunflowers stop tracking the Sun and stand straight — often facing the east, ready to soak up each new sunrise.
The Dish 