As the country now seems on the brink of full-scale civil war, this tiny nugget leapt out at me:
The recent 2008 Demographic Health Survey in Egypt (EDHS) reported that the FGM/C prevalence rate among women from ages 15-49 is 91.1 percent, but 74 percent among girls age 15-17.
Declining, perhaps, but still close to ubiquitous. Mark Steyn notes how Morsi’s wife conducted herself while “First Lady”:
President Morsi’s wife, Naglaa Ali Mahmoud, is his first cousin, and covered from head to toe. If you were a visiting foreign minister, you were instructed not to shake hands, or even look at her… Eschewing the title first lady, she preferred to be known as “first servant.”
For three years, Richard Mosse worked with a discontinued infrared military surveillance film to photograph war zones in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, where at least 5.4 million people have died of war-related causes since 1998. The resulting body of work, The Enclave, was presented at the Irish Pavilion of this year’s Venice Biennale, and is featured in a new book. Rebecca Horne evaluates the artist’s choice of medium:
The false-color infrared satellite film was initially used for aerial reconnaissance, showing healthy foliage as pink and red and thereby highlighting camouflage as blue or purple. Here, it is the medium for on-the-ground images from war zones of the Congo. As with the film’s properties that switch one color for another on the spectrum, viewers may become unsure of what they are looking at, and where it fits in the cultural spectrum. Through [Mosse’s] lens, a world of sinister machismo is seen in the hues of prom dresses and flowers. Is it an art project or a serious documentary? Either way, the images upend these tidy categories and introduce messy questions about objectivity and aesthetics.
Mosse recounts the hazards of working on the project:
Working in eastern Congo with a large wooden camera on a tripod was never going to be simple. You have to walk for days through the jungle to reach certain rebel groups, walking across shifting front lines, and brushing shoulders with suspicious guerrillas along the mucky track. The rain and lightning assault the landscape around you, sweeping through your tent at night. Perhaps the most frustrating, however, was the land’s entrenched corruption, and its greedy officials. Each little village seems to have a mwami (chief), his queen, and a retinue of immigration officials, intelligence officers, and police, who will keep you in a little shed all day, shouting or pushing papers around their desk, until they receive a $20 bill. The national army are the worst, extorting the local civilian population as they process through the jungle to sell their produce on market day. You can see why rebel groups have formed to fight the government. People are so burned out, disillusioned by insidious corruption that has become institutionalized over several generations. They are humiliated, and that humiliation expresses itself in the most horrifying violence, cycles of massacre and systematic sexual violence. Recently, the massacres have been so horrific that unborn babies have been cut from their mother’s belly while entire families are slaughtered by spear.
Mosse describes more about the project here. Gallery here.
(Photo: Platon, 2012. Farm near Bihambwe, Masisi Territory, North Kivu. This rich pastureland is fiercely fought over in an escalating territorial conflict. Image courtesy of the artist and Jack Shainman Gallery.)
China recently passed a law requiring adult children to visit their elderly parents. Xiaoqing Pi takes note of the first case:
A Chinese woman and her husband have been ordered to visit the woman’s elderly mother at least once every two months, and during at least two public holidays every year, in the first application of a new law that requires Chinese people to “regularly” visit their parents. A local court in Wuxi, a city in eastern China’s Jiangsu province, imposed the requirement on the daughter and son-in-law of a 77-year-old woman identified only by her surname, Chu, the official Xinhua news agency reported on Monday. Ms. Chu’s daughter had not visited her since the two had a falling out in September, according to other state media reports (in Chinese). The court ruled that Ms. Chu could ask authorities to fine or even detain her daughter and son-in-law if they failed to visit, Xinhua said.
Some 33 percent of young Chinese citizens report seeing their parents just once a year, while a further 12 percent haven’t visited their parents “in years.” Bruce Einhorn says the law has roots in China’s one-child policy:
With government-provided assistance very limited, seniors in China largely depend on their families to care for them in their golden years. Hence the risk from the One Child Policy: Without brothers and sisters to pick up the slack, all it takes is one unfilial child for the system to break down.
Adam Minter argues that economic and migratory shifts bear some responsibility:
In China’s traditional agrarian culture, those aging relatives would live with, and be supported by, their children. But the country’s modernizing economy means children are moving far from their parents to work. … According to data gathered by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, in 2011 empty nests accounted for 49.7 percent of urban households and 38.7 percent of rural households. This number will increase as China’s population ages, reaching more than 54 percent of all elderly households in 2050, says [deputy director of China’s National Committee on Aging] Zhu Yong.
Michael Pettis warns that China’s changing demographics pose a long-term threat to its economy:
While China’s overall population will stay roughly constant over the next three decades, its working population will actually drop by 1½ percent a year during this time. The explosion in the number of senior citizens, with no equivalent increase in the number of children becoming adults, means that by the middle of the century China’s working-age population will fall to 56 to 58 percent. China will then have one of the oldest populations in the world, and it will have a relatively small economically productive base on which to support a small number of children and a large number of retirees.
The UK publisher [Oldcastle Books’s Pulp! The Classics] has since released pulped versions of Robinson Crusoe, Wuthering Heights, The Hound of the Baskervilles, The Great Gatsby and The Picture of Dorian Gray, which features the face of actor Ryan Gosling. “I was asked to include him by my handlers for commercial viability reasons, but I’ve no idea who he is,” says Mann. According to marketing manager Alexandra Bolton, Oldcastle’s pulp imprint is designed to appeal to audiences who might perceive texts by Austen and Hardy as stuffy “whilst appealing to existing fans of classic novels and avoid debasing the actual text.”
SQUAR, Burma’s first social networking site, was released late last month. Since the government has only recently relaxed censorship policies, the potential of a growing digital user base is substantial:
While only 10 percent of the population is wired, international telecom companies are expected to soon be providing nationwide internet and connections. The Burmese government has said it will issue licenses to two international corporations to provide nationwide wireless coverage. The target is to provide 80 percent coverage by 2015. … Growth in mobile penetration has already soared in the last two years from 10 to 80 percent, and the coming wireless coverage will open up 60 million consumers, who thanks to half a century of isolation, have remained untapped.
Currently, Burmese people are hungry for consumer stuff. Big brands are entering but the only platform is Facebook. There’s nothing really helping consumers day to day, and digital closes those gaps. I mean, print publishers just got granted licenses to print.
I came to visit Myanmar early this year after hearing the news that Yangon had the largest BarCamp in the world. After spending a week here, I could see that there was something very special happening. … I knew that the access to Internet connectivity would correct itself with the new foreign carriers coming to the market, but even if Burmese were online, there was really no destination that belonged to them, built for and by them. …
[W]e really took a leap of faith to release [SQUAR] as early as we did. It’s very common in Silicon Valley to develop technology like this. Something very light, called a minimum viable product. The idea is that you have something that is functional so that your customers can use it, feed back and help you refine and build your product. What I wasn’t sure about is if the Burmese youth would be very forgiving with such a light product since they would not have had a lot of exposure to products built in this manner. We didn’t have photos, profiles and barely even had notifications in. There was a very good chance that people would download it, try it and then abandon it. However, the positive response we have had has been overwhelming! The people of Myanmar have rallied around this, providing hundreds of ideas in thousands of posts in just over a week.
This amazing video demonstrates the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical treatment of disorders like Parkinson’s where transmitters are implanted in the brain and operated via remote:
Essentially, DBS is a brain pacemaker. Its job is to ameliorate the abnormal firing of neurons that underlies Parkinson’s, essential tremor, and so on. In preparation for surgery, a neurologist uses imaging technology to locate the problematic brain structure, which in the case of Parkinson’s is the subthalamic nucleus (STN). A dime-sized hole is then drilled into the skull and an electrode is affixed to the appropriate target in the brain. The electrode is then connected to a wire that is threaded under the skin down towards the chest where a programmable battery is implanted. Once the two connect, it is possible to normalize neurological activity by delivering electrical impulses directly to the brain.
The whole setup can be controlled by the patient or doctor via a handheld remote. The remote can turn the DBS on and off, which is how you get the dramatic effects you see in Johnson’s clip.
The term “stereotype threat” is used to describe how negative stereotypes cause members of a stereotyped group to underperform. A recent study examined whether stereotype threat is affected by using fake names:
Shen Zhang and her team tested 110 women and 72 men (all were undergrads) on 30 multiple-choice maths questions. To ramp up the stereotype threat, the participants were told that men usually outperform women on maths performance. Crucially, some of the participants completed the test after writing their own name at the top of the test paper, whereas the others completed the test under one of four aliases (Jacob Tyler, Scott Lyons, Jessica Peterson, or Kaitlyn Woods). For the latter group, the alias was pre-printed on the first test page, and the participants wrote it on the top of the remainder.
Overall, men outperformed women on the maths task. But women who took the test under someone else’s name, be it male or female, performed better than women who performed under their own name, and they did just as well as the men. The effect was stronger for women who cared more about maths.
By separating their performance from their own identity, it seems the women performing under an alias no longer felt pressure to avoid being seen as an example of the harmful gender stereotype. Further analysis showed this had to do with feeling less distracted during the task and with experiencing less self-reputational threat. In contrast, male performance was unaffected by using another person’s name.
I write this in a very summery after-glow – on the day a British male won Wimbledon and after my first viewing of the Dina Martina show in Provincetown. Whole. New. Level. (Hence the Pimms above).
I just read this recent post, and I was rather offended by John Horgan’s insistence that scientists and engineers only learn facts and do not learn skepticism in their classes. Really? I’m a scientist, and I can tell you that as you learn your craft, you learn how there are gaps in knowledge, how uncertain so many things are, and how you have to critically think about all of the problems that you confront. An introductory and mandatory science class might just focus on the facts, but if it is, it’s a bad course. Seriously, if all you want your non-science students to learn is a list of rote facts, then those students are not being taught anything useful, least of all, science.
Another turns the topic around:
My bet is that STEM students get a lot more in the way of humanities education than humanities students get in the way of science and mathematics education.
How much are history majors taught about the importance of the development of the theories of thermodynamics on the industrial revolution (and vice versa)? How many philosophy students have contemplated the connection between the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics, and modern and post-modern thought? Do BAs, MAs or PhDs in the humanities even know who James Clerk Maxwell, Erwin Schrodinger, Paul AM Dirac, Murray Gell-Mann are? If you’re looking for a group in the academy who are cloistered in their own spheres of knowledge and ignorant of the works of others, I don’t think you have to go too far from the English or Art departments at a major university.
How about making sure that pre-law students are well trained in statistics so they can understand how to read and understand a scientific study on the risks of new medications? How about requiring a 14th century German literature major to take a chemistry lecture and lab course for no practical purpose but based on the idea that it’s still good for them to be able to read the periodic table? There is a tremendous amount of scientific illiteracy among people generally. Perhaps the best place to start is among the most educated people in the country, but who probably don’t know the difference between nuclear fusion and frequency modulation.
A few more readers sound off:
I graduated in 1971 with a Bachelors of Engineering from The Cooper Union, a small college with three schools – Art, Architecture and Engineering. The Schools were distinct, and the Engineering students spent their days in a separate building from the Art and Architecture students, but there was one mandatory course that every sophomore had to take. It was an interdisciplinary Humanities course that covered the years from 1750 to 1850. In small classes and in joint lectures we studied art, music, history, exploration, science, medicine, literature, religion, invention – if it occurred in the years from 1750 to 1850, we studied it.
Before our first large lecture I could hear students from each of the schools grumbling that it was a waste of time to learn all this extraneous information – we didn’t have the time for this useless course. What could Art students learn about science and technology that would help them be better artists? How could Engineering students use art or music? But before long we looked forward to each lecture. We were learning that any advance in one area affected society as a whole. Advances in chemistry led to better paints, advances in building materials changed architectural designs. Small or large, we learned that life is interconnected.
If I had to list one and only one college course that changed my life, it would be this one. I’m so very grateful that it was mandatory, and that every sophomore attended the lectures together. Because artist, architect, engineer, writer, politician, religious leader, citizen, we each have something to learn from the others.
Another:
I’m a older chemical engineer (I graduated in 1970). My school (Ohio University) required Humanities credits to graduate. I found them valuable, but not in the way you’d think. What I learned from them was that to get a good grade, I needed to listen, and then respond in a way that was “appropriate” for that professor – not what necessarily what I thought. You can’t do that in a math or chemistry class. It actually gave me better skills when relating to others in the workplace, as opposed to the Sheldon Cooper (Big Bang Theory) model of interaction. I can’t remember crap from that Film Appreciation class I took, other than I never did really comprehend why it was so important to appreciate the lighting and camera angles from Dracula. Got a good grade though …
Dan Colman highlights the above clip from a Cold War-era Armed Forces Information Film, pairing it with his commentary on an Army-produced guide to finding the Communists in our midsts:
Some Communists were out in the open; however, others “worked more silently.” So how to find those hidden communists? Not to worry, the US military had that covered. In 1955, the U.S. First Army Headquarters prepared a manual called How to Spot a Communist. Later published in popular American magazines, the propaganda piece warned readers, “there is no fool-proof system in spotting a Communist.” … And yet the pamphlet adds, letting readers breathe a sigh of relief, “there are, fortunately, indications that may give him away. These indications are often subtle but always present, for the Communist, by reason of his “faith” must act and talk along certain lines.” In short, you’ll know a Communist not by how he walks, but how he talks.
He excerpts the following passage from the pamphlet on deciphering Communist writing, which he describes as asking citizens “to become literary critics for the sake of national security”:
While a preference for long sentences is common to most Communist writing, a distinct vocabulary provides the more easily recognized feature of the “Communist Language.” Even a superficial reading of an article written by a Communist or a conversation with one will probably reveal the use of some of the following expressions: integrative thinking, vanguard, comrade, hootenanny, chauvinism, book-burning, syncretistic faith, bourgeois-nationalism, jingoism, colonialism, hooliganism, ruling class, progressive, demagogy, dialectical, witch-hunt, reactionary, exploitation, oppressive, materialist.
This list, selected at random, could be extended almost indefinitely. While all of the above expressions are part of the English language, their use by Communists is infinitely more frequent than by the general public…
