Why We Love Sad Songs

Greg Kot notices their widespread appeal:

Consider that of the nine best-selling songs of all time, most brim with melancholy, if not sadness and despair. Bing Crosby’s White Christmas, Elton John’s Candle in the Wind, Whitney Houston’s I Will Always Love You, Celine Dion’s My Heart Will Go On,– to paraphrase Elton, sad songs not only say so much, they sell really, really well.  But do listeners really prefer melancholy music, and if so why?

He flags a study that offers some answers:

The researchers found that that sad music has a counterintuitive appeal – it actually makes people feel better. Sad songs allow listeners to experience indirectly the emotions expressed in the lyrics and implied by the (usually) minor-key melodies. The sadness may not directly reflect the listener’s own experiences, but it triggers chemicals in our brain that can produce a cathartic response: tears, chills, an elevated heartbeat. This is not an unpleasant feeling, and may explain why listeners are inclined to buy sad songs and why artists want to write or sing them.

Ebola Is Back, Ctd

In an analysis of nearly 40 years of “lessons learned” since the first Ebola outbreak, Laurie Garrett stresses the importance of avoiding infected animals:

[T]he index case – the initial person contaminated with the Ebola virus – is usually a hunter or villager who recently spent time deep in a tropical forest and came into contact with an animal carrying the virus. In Yambuku, the index case was a hunter; in Kikwit he was a charcoal-maker who spent a week burning wood in the forest to sell in town; in a prior West African outbreak, the index case was a family that killed and ate an ailing chimpanzee. Stopping the spread must include cutting off contact between forest animals and human beings, especially tropical fruit bats that harbor the virus without harm to themselves, and the monkeys and apes that eat the bats or fruit that they chew on, contracting Ebola in the process.

Unfortunately, climate change makes it increasingly difficult for humans to maintain that distance:

Across Africa, typically shy bat species pollinate the trees of the rain forests as they nocturnally scour for fruit. As the heat increases in the upper canopies of forests, due to climate change, and as humans increase their logging operations, the bat populations are now under great stress. When distressed by such environmental changes, animals are more likely to venture near human habitation in search of food, and come down from the upper tiers of forests into tree levels filled with predatory monkeys and chimps.

Recent Dish on the new outbreak here. Update from a reader: “For the record, contrary to the suggestion in the video you posted, there is no ebola outbreak in Canada.”

Meme Of The Day

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Katie Hosmer captions:

Instagrammer Ilana Wiles (@mommyshorts) is behind this new trending hashtag, #babysuiting, that has mommies dressing their little ones up in goofy ensembles that are much too big for the childrens’ tiny, bald heads. Since her own daughters are a bit too old and mobile for the project, Wiles began the series with her 3-month-old nephew. She then continued to friends’ houses and dressed up any baby she could find as a teensy little executive. Since then, the hashtag has continued to develop with other Instagrammers joining in on the fun.

The Daily News talked with Wiles:

“Originally, I wanted to dress them up to look like the characters in Mad Men but women’s clothing really didn’t work,” she told the Daily News. “The suits were much funnier. Something about the big padded shoulders made them all look like that scene in Beetlejuice with the shrunken head.”

More images here.

“This Album Is A Piece Of Contemporary Art”

Wu-Tang Clan will only release one copy of their new album. They claim that, “similar to a Monet or a Degas, the price tag will be a multimillion-dollar figure.” Ilan Mochari ponders the strategy:

To the extent that fans are already discussing the album, the Wu-Tang Clan’s plan has already paid off in terms of marketing. What’s also fascinating–and potentially instructive, for businesses–is that the Wu-Tang Clan are also releasing an album through traditional means later this year. That album, called A Better Tomorrow, is scheduled for release this summer. What this means is that Wu-Tang will potentially be able to run an A/B test of sorts, with a control album (A Better Tomorrow) and a variable one (Once Upon a Time in Shaolin). Which release will generate more revenue? Which will fans like better? The group will find out and learn from it.

Felix Salmon isn’t on board:

[T]he contemporary art market is in the midst of an unprecedented bubble right now.

Different bubbles have different dynamics, but all of them are based, in one way or another, on price spirals. The general public needs to be able to see a given asset — tulips, dot-com stocks, houses, Richters, you name it — going up in price at an impressive clip. In order for any asset, or asset class, to become expensive, it first needs to start cheap, and work its way up. The Wu-Tang Clan not only want to create a whole new asset class; they also want that asset class to be valued at bubblicious levels right off the bat. Sorry, but markets don’t work that way.

Clyde Smith questions the comparison to visual art:

You can’t compare apples and oranges. The visual art market and the market for music are two different things. Both sell art but in different forms and with different histories. Such direct comparisons are meaningless though there’s nothing wrong with taking inspiration from the way one market works and seeing how it applies in another market. That’s sometimes quite profitable.

But if you maintain that the value of music is defined by what it brings in the marketplace then you are the one devaluing music. Music is so deeply a part of human culture and existence, in fact music helps define such concepts, that if you can only state its value in terms of money then you are lost from the deeper realms you claim to represent.

Mike Jakeman thinks the real money will come from concerts:

Allusions to the Renaissance and its patrons suit an outfit like the Wu-Tang Clan, who has always run a neat line in self-mythologizing. But the one-copy concept is not as revolutionary as the group would like. Although the price paid for the album is likely to be in the millions of dollars, it will be dwarfed by what the group will earn from its planned listening events. With tickets priced at a similar point to a major art exhibition, the play-backs will attract hundreds of thousands of fans around the world and will generate many times the value of the single copy. This means that the group’s approach will fit in with the existing pattern of musicians relying on events for an ever-increasing proportion of their earnings.

Face Of The Day

VA State Senator Creigh Deeds Discusses Mental Health Care Reform

Virginia State Senator Creigh Deeds waits to take the podium to speak about mental health reform at The National Press Club in Washington, DC on March 31, 2014. On November 19, 2013, Deeds was stabbed multiple times in the face at his home in Bath County, Virginia by his 24-year-old son Gus Deeds, who later died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound. By Drew Angerer/Getty Images.

Stillborn Justice

Considering the troubling case of Rennie Gibbs, who may face a murder charge for her daughter’s stillbirth, Eve Tushnet criticizes pro-life laws that make criminals out of pregnant women:

In 2006, 15-year-old Rennie Gibbs became pregnant. She tested positive for marijuana and cocaine during her pregnancy. Her daughter Samiya was born a month premature, with the umbilical cord wrapped around her neck. An autopsy on the child found traces of a cocaine byproduct, and Rennie was charged with murder—or rather, with what Mississippi calls “depraved heart murder,” signifying an especially callous crime. Gibbs’s case has wound its way through the legal system, and it is still unclear whether she will go on trial this spring; but if she does, Gibbs, now 23, will face the threat of life in prison. …

[T]hese fetal harm laws, however well-meaning, suggest a slippery slope toward precisely Rennie Gibbs’s predicament. Criminal investigations into every miscarriage, heavy sentences for women caught smoking a single joint or struggling to quit cigarettes, legal penalties for failing to follow every jot of the ever-shifting “expert opinion” on pregnancy: The closer this world seems, the less willing abortion-rights supporters will be to even consider the humanity of the unborn. And some women have already slipped to the bottom of the slope.

Nina Martin examines what’s at stake in the Gibbs case:

Prosecutors argue that the state has a responsibility to protect children from the dangerous actions of their parents. Saying Gibbs should not be tried for murder is like saying that “every drug addict who robs or steals to obtain money for drugs should not be held accountable for their actions because of their addiction,” the state attorney general’s office wrote in a brief to the Mississippi Supreme Court.

But some civil libertarians and women’s rights advocates worry that if Gibbs is convicted, the precedent could inspire more prosecutions of Mississippi women and girls for everything from miscarriage to abortion—and that African Americans, who suffer twice as many stillbirths as whites, would be affected the most.

And Tara Culp-Ressler traces the controversy back to the crack baby myth:

In the 1980s, when crack cocaine use became more widespread, the media stoked unfounded fears about cocaine’s damaging effects on unborn children in the womb. According to the national media watch group Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR), “few media fabrications have been as invidious, persistent or politically devastating as that of the so-called ‘crack baby.’” Eager to demonstrate that they were tough on drugs, prosecutors began going after pregnant women for using drugs because they were an easy target.

But it’s not even clear that cocaine actually harms fetuses in the first place. Several large studies into the subject have found that there’s no difference in long-term health outcomes between children who were exposed to cocaine in the womb and children who were not. Researchers agree that health disparities among children should actually be attributed to poverty, not to drug use.

The View From Your Window

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Grand Forks, North Dakota, 2.41 pm.

Update from a reader:

Love the view from Grand Forks today. I am fifty miles away, under the same conditions. Fucking weather.

This Saturday, I am declaring a run for the MN House of Representatives against an incumbent Tea Partier. I am openly gay. This is a entirely rural district. Lots of elderly. But I know them all, and I think I will win. My partner is practicing his “first man” wave. Today, the only daily paper in the district submitted a list of questions to me, including one asking me to “share my emotions” about the gay marriage debate in MN. I have four days to figure out how to respond. I may just say, “I don’t share my emotions. I am a Minnesotan.”

It is a brave new world. And I am enjoying it.

The Melting Pot Of Gold

C.W. flags a paper from last year (pdf) showing that “changing from a purely foreign name to a very common American name is associated with a 14% hike in earnings”:

What sorts of people were most likely to Americanise their name? The most boring explanation is one concerning “imperfect information”: only some migrants realised the benefit of Americanisation. But the authors find little evidence for that. Instead, they show that migrants facing the greatest barriers to occupational mobility were most likely to Americanise and reaped the highest returns from doing so. People who came from more “exotic” countries, or who could not migrate to better jobs, benefited more from Americanisation than better-off migrants. These migrants had to jettison their individual identity for labour-market success.

Action Star Of The Day

This should make your day a little brighter:

The title of “Coolest Dad of the Year” might just go to Daniel Hashimoto for his epic home videos of his 3-year-old son, James. Hashimoto, an After Effects artist for DreamWorks Animation, adds spectacular special effects to short videos of his son’s playtime, turning everyday scenes of visiting the toy store or jumping on couches into terrific adventures full of explosions, fire, and action.

James, who is known on YouTube as Action Movie Kid, becomes an action hero with superpowers and fantastic gadgets in the short clips.

More videos of the hero in action here.

Rogers, Over And Out

The chairman of the House Intelligence Committee is leaving Congress … for talk radio:

Rep. Mike Rogers (R-Mich.), the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, plans to retire from Congress after his current term to host a national radio show syndicated by Cumulus Media. … “I have always believed in our founders’ idea of a citizen legislature,” he said in his statement. “I had a career before politics and always planned to have one after. The genius of our institutions is they are not dependent on the individual temporary occupants privileged to serve.” … In joining Cumulus, Rogers will work for a radio network that already syndicates programs from some of the medium’s biggest draws, including Don Imus, Mark Levin, Carson Daly, Michael Savage and Mike Huckabee.

Steven Dennis observes that Rogers “rack[ed] up more Sunday show appearances than any other member of Congress each of the last two years,” making him “in some ways the face of the intelligence community on television”:

The telegenic former FBI agent repeatedly defended the National Security Agency against attacks following the avalanche of leaks by Edward Snowden, often taking a harder line than the White House. Rogers had been a hawk against leaks – at one point suggesting the death penalty should be considered for Chelsea Manning for leaking documents to Wikileaks. Inside the dome, Rogers led a narrowly successful fight against his fellow Michigan Republican, Justin Amash, to end the NSA’s blanket collection of telephone records.

Scott Shackford tells Rogers not to let the door hit him on the way out:

[He] puts pretty much every other political defender of the National Security Agency’s (NSA) surveillance tactics to shame. As chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, he even manages to outdo Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s (D-Calif.) defense of NSA intrusions with his fearmongering and accusations that Edward Snowden is under the influence of the Russians. Rogers was still pushing that story last weekend, with no real evidence. He has introduced his own version of NSA “reform” that experts say is anything but. His “End Bulk Collection Act” doesn’t end bulk collection at all and could actually allow the NSA to analyze even more of our data without oversight (Trevor Timm of the Freedom of the Press Foundation explains more here).

Meanwhile, Ed Morrissey calls Rogers’ timing “problematic”:

Until now, there was little reason to think that Rogers and the GOP wouldn’t hold this seat. It’s nominally a swing district with an R+2 rating from Cook, and Mitt Romney won it by three points over Barack Obama in the 2012 election. With the sudden departure of Rogers, a hold here is less certain, especially given the lateness of the decision. It’s unlikely that any Republicans had seriously organized in the district at this point, but Democrats probably have, and the GOP will be at a disadvantage for at least a while in a close district. If this turns out to be a wave election, the timing may not matter much anyway.

Sean Sullivan reports that Dems are excited:

The decision by popular Rep. Mike Rogers (R-Mich.) to retire sparked fresh Democratic optimism Friday about competing for a seat that would otherwise have been out of their reach. But Republicans still have the upper hand there. A crowded field of candidates could scramble to run for Rogers’s seat with less than a month until the filing deadline. Democratic enthusiasm was spurred in part by the lean of the district, which tilts toward Republicans, but not by much. Mitt Romney won 51 percent of the district in the 2012 presidential election, while President Obama carried 48 percent. Obama won 52 percent in that district in 2008.

But as Ed O’Keefe notes, they probably shouldn’t get ahead of themselves:

Republicans are confident they can hold the seat, even without Rogers. They noted that Florida’s 13th district, a more favorable area to Democrats, didn’t slip into that party’s hands in a recent special election. And in a non-presidential year, it will be difficult for Democrats to ramp up turnout and spring an upset in Michigan’s 8th district.