Brad Plumer advocates scrapping "the $775 billion spent [globally] each year subsidizing oil, gas, and coal." He explains why this probably won't happen, even though the cost of the subsidies could be devoted "to efficiency upgrades or lump-sum payments to citizens":
Will Hickey, an energy expert who teaches in South Korea, notes that in many oil-producing countries that subsidize fossil fuels — like Nigeria — the public has “no faith in central governments to deliver on employment and growth.” Even if most of the benefits accrue to the rich, fuel subsidies are often the simplest, most practical way to run a welfare state. “The fuel subsidy,” Hickey writes, “is the only real claim to ownership or bona fide shared interest most people have on resources in their own country.”
