The Settlement Whac-A-Mole

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Dan Ephron reports on the Israeli government's recent removal of Migron, the "flagship" of about 100 unauthorized settlements in the West Bank. Its origin:

The saga of Migron began, improbably, with a cellphone tower some 11 years ago, early in the second intifada. Palestinians were ambushing Israelis in the West Bank, and settlers complained that they were losing reception at a certain bend in the road south of Ramallah. Worried that if an attack ensued, victims wouldn’t be able to call for help, Israeli authorities placed a cell tower on a hill high above the bend. The tower required a guard—Palestinians were also vandalizing Israeli property—and the guard needed a trailer. By 2002 settlers had towed several more trailers to the hilltop and called the place Migron, the name of the biblical town where King Saul camped out before attacking the Philistines.

It grew to some 50 families, who have now been relocated. But the settlers are undeterred:

Some activists now argue that petitioning the high court over settlements should be avoided because they’ve backfired too many times. After a court case forced Netanyahu to evacuate roughly 30 families from another outpost earlier this year, he simply approved the construction of hundreds of new homes elsewhere in the West Bank. The Migron eviction has triggered a similar spree. Nevertheless, [Israeli peace activist Dror] Etkes says he’ll continue to fight back. After obtaining land-registry data for the entire West Bank through Israel’s Freedom of Information Act, he now estimates that about 35 percent of the territory on which settlements were built is the private property of Palestinians. "It creates a discussion," he said about the court cases. "It forces Israelis to look at their own reflection in the mirror." Unfortunately for Etkes, reflections, like beauty, are often in the eye of the beholder.

(Photo: An Israeli border policewoman stands gaurd as a truck removes a structure from the illegal outpost of Migron on September 5, 2012 near the West Bank city of Ramallah. Migron, the largest and oldest settlement outpost in the occupied West Bank unauthorised by Israeli authorities, was built on private Palestinian land and in August 2011 Israel's Supreme Court ordered that it be cleared. By Lior Mizrahi/AFP/Getty Images)

Our Investment In College, Ctd

Felix Salmon points out that "the only thing which has been rising faster than college tuition costs is the wage premium college graduates receive over those without a degree." The problem he thinks McArdle misses:

There’s a real problem here, surrounding the way in which, at the margin, universities have very little incentive to control costs. … But McArdle doesn’t spend much time wondering about how to change universities’ spending behavior: instead, she concentrates on students’ borrowing behavior. And of the two, it seems to me that the borrowing is more rational than the spending.

Walter Russell Mead looks at the flip-side of the equation:

[I]t’s clear that the huge presence of the federal government in both health care and education helps to drive price increases. On the one hand, Uncle Sam is a kind of payer of last resort. If it weren’t for student loan programs and financial aid, for example, colleges would have to charge only what students and their parents could actually pay out of their own resources and any private loans they could get.

Daniel Luzer adds that though "to college doesn’t guarantee a good job and financial stability … not going to college at all virtually guarantees poor job prospects and financial instability":

[T]his is the problem with thinking of college like an “investment.” There are no other investments that work like this. College is now a necessary but insufficient condition for securing professional employment. So depending on the price of one’s college, college can be a pretty risky investment. Not going to college, in contrast, isn’t a risky investment; it’s pretty much a surefire way to ensure a lifetime of bad jobs and frequent unemployment.

Kraft’s World Conquest

Sasha Chapman pens a love letter to mass-produced macaroni and cheese, known to Canadians as "Kraft Dinner":

In 1997, sixty years after the first box promised "dinner in seven minutes — no baking required," we celebrated by making Kraft Dinner the top-selling grocery item in the country. This makes KD, not poutine, our de facto national dish. We eat 3.2 boxes each in an average year, about 55 percent more than Americans do. We are also the only people to refer to Kraft Dinner as a generic for instant mac and cheese. The Barenaked Ladies sang wistfully about eating the stuff: "If I had a million dollars / we wouldn’t have to eat Kraft Dinner / But we would eat Kraft Dinner / Of course we would, we’d just eat more." In response, fans threw boxes of KD at the band members as they performed. This was an act of veneration.

True, Canada is just one outpost in Kraft’s globalized food system.

The company’s iconic brands are on the rise in emerging markets, which is to say in the ancient cultures beyond the borders of North America, Europe, and Australia. In China, another Kraft product, the Oreo, has been re-engineered for the Asian market, with such success that it is now the country’s number one cookie.

But this is history repeating itself: our own food system was colonized long ago by Kraft, a company that has always striven to give us (or at least our consumer, magpie selves) what we want: cheaper food that is faster to prepare. We have been only too happy to drink the Kool-Aid, another Kraft brand.

The Money Race

Millman will be keeping an eye on donations following news of Romney's slightly desperate polling memo:

Paul Krugman suspects that the Romney campaign’s attempts to spin away President Obama’s poll lead is an effort to prevent corporate donors from hedging their bets by donating to Obama as well. I doubt that – spinning is what campaigns do; they don’t need a reason. But he’s right that if it looks like Obama has a good chance of winning, he should suddenly discover that Wall Street and other corporate donors who have been shunning him become much more generous. President Obama’s fundraising numbers have already been perfectly respectable, but if they become substantially better than respectable that will be another sign that the smart money thinks this game is probably over.

Is Big Football The Next Big Tobacco? Ctd

Joseph Stromberg goes over a new CDC report detailing yet another danger of playing pro football:

Retired NFL players, they found, were three times more likely to die from diseases that damage brain cells, such as ALS ("Lou Gehrig’s Disease") and Alzheimer’s, than the general population. These diseases are closely related to [Chronic traumatic encephalopathy] and may in fact represent misdiagnosed cases of CTE because the symptoms of the various neurodegenerative diseases are so similar.

How a player's position puts him at risk:

[T]he study also uncovered a telling trend that might indicate the increased mortality rates are not entirely random. The researchers divided all the players into two groups: those who play "speed" positions such as running back and wide receiver, and those who play "non-speed" positions such as offensive or defensive lineman. Speed-position players encounter much more violent collisions during the game, and speed players in the study were more than three times more likely to die from a neurodegenerative disease than the non-speed-position players.

The same day the report came out, the NFL made its largest donation ever, $30 million, toward health and medical research focused on "advancing science and medical understanding of brain injuries." By the way, you can now read the entire Dish thread on the neurological damage caused by football here. It contains 11 posts featuring dozens of reader emails, many illustrative videos, and lots of data from across the web. Update from an eagle-eyed reader:

One of the surprising things to me about that video is that it included plenty of hits that injured people. I'm an Eagles fan, so most of the hits I know are from Eagles games. I assume I'm missing several. Here's my off the top of my head list of injuries in that video:

0:35 I think Massoquoi is concussed on this hit from James Harrison. I think this is from the week that had so many concussions the NFL changed the rules that week.

0:45 Dunta Robinson and DeSean Jackson stay on the ground for 5 minutes. DeSean is out for several weeks with a concussion. Also from the week that changed the rules.

2:38 Kevin Kolb is concussed. Somehow the medical staff doesn't realize, and he plays the rest of the series before being pulled. Michael Vick comes in plays well and becomes the Eagles starter. This is after the rules change and heightened concern about concussions. An Eagles defensive starter is also concussed in that game and allowed to play for a while longer, because the medical staff didn't see the hit.

3:32 Austin Collie – Concussion. This hit was penalized, though it should have been legal by the letter of the law, since Collie takes 2 steps before he's hit. He might have been concussed in the hit at 3:35, since it's been a problem in his career. He got another concussion this preseason.

A lot of the hits on the video are illegal now. Anything involving launching at a receiver, especially at the head, right after they've caught the ball. The video the NFL distributed about legal hits actually uses a Ray Lewis hit, where he hits the receiver in the midsection without launching. It looks like the hit at :20, though he leaves his feet in the hit at :20.

Giving Obama A Lift

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Kevin Fallon reports on how Scott Van Duzer's life has gotten a little crazy since bear hugging the president – including becoming a target for right-wing trolls:

[O]nce word got out that Van Duzer is a registered Republican who voted for Obama in 2008 and is planning to do so again in November, angry conservatives flooded his restaurant’s Yelp page with negative reviews and began staging a boycott. (Sample gem: "I cringe at the thought even of eating at this Big Crapple Pizza. Knowing O'Hussain was there totally creeps it out for me.")

As Van Duzer told Politico yesterday: "There’s no middle line anymore, and that’s exactly what’s wrong with our country right now." But it hasn't been all bad; the attention seems to have swung overwhelmingly positive on his Yelp page, and his foundation has been getting a lot of deserved attention as well. And about the big moment itself?

Everyone thinks it was scripted. Everyone thinks I asked the Secret Service. I didn’t ask the Secret Service anything. I didn’t know what I was going to do. You know what I mean? He just came in, and the way he came in was so genuine and warm. He came over to me like he had known me for 25 years. He said, "Where’s Scott?" He opened the door and I was standing right there. He gave me a big high five, and started talking about my biceps and muscles. He said, "If I eat your pizza, can I get some muscles like that?" We were just fooling around. He gave me this pat on the shoulder, and that’s when the big hug happened.

(Photo: US President Barack Obama hugs Scott Van Duzer, owner of Big Apple Pizza and Pasta Italian Restaurant during a visit to the restaurant in Fort Pierce, Florida, September 9, 2012, during the second day of a two-day bus tour across Florida. By Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images)

The Return Of Cheneyism, Ctd

Frum celebrates the effect of economic sanctions on Iran's currency:

Andrew asks, shouldn't I say that I support the Obama administration's policy then? The answer is: as that policy stands now, yes.

But let's not forget that the Obama administration had to be pushed and shoved against its will to implement the central bank sanctions now hitting so much hard – and that the real heroes of this story are Senators Mark Kirk of Illinois and Robert Menendez of New Jersey, who wrote the central bank sanctions law that the Obama administration has been constrained to adopt.

But what about after the election if Romney wins? Will David be arguing for war then? Or for more time and pressure?

My issue is that I don't agree with either Obama or Romney. The money question for me is whether containment can work. I think it can – and, by balancing Israel's massive nuclear monopoly could stabilize the Middle East. I'm working on a post on these lines – and have done so before – but there have been some new contributions to the debate between Krauthammer, Waltz and Keller. They all raise important points. The campaign has kept me from tackling the new debate more thoroughly yet.

But isn't it remarkable that Iran really hasn't become an issue in this campaign? Despite Netanyahu's constant fulminations. Americans' really don't want to invade another Middle Eastern country, with unknowable costs in the future.

The Romney Ad Blitz

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It probably won't move the polls much:

Unless the Romney campaign has a fundamentally new pitch, it’s hard to see why voters that have already heard these advertisements will now suddenly find them persuasive.

The fact that Team Romney is poised to spend even more money doesn’t undermine this analysis. GOP-aligned Super PACs aired uncontested advertisements in Michigan, eastern Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and New Mexico, but only Wisconsin moved into the toss-up column after Paul Ryan was selected as Romney’s running mate. The Republican National Convention could be reinterpreted as a three hour, nationally televised infomercial, and yet Romney didn’t receive any bounce at all. And while the science of ad spending is somewhat unscientific, there is probably a point of diminishing returns, even if the exact slope of the diminishing curve is uncertain.

My sense is that Charlotte reminded a lot of people what they have gone through with this president, and why they continue to like him, outside the hater groups on the right. They still don't see him finding a miracle to end the economic torpor, and they're pissed about that – but nothing Romney has proposed (such as it is) is more appealing to them.

I think sliming Obama personally could actually help the president. I also think Romney should have stuck to a simple "Obama's not working" line, and picked a running mate to reflect that. And stuck with it. Instead, we've had two strategies – a base one, with Ryan and Robertson and Steve King and Sheldon Adelson, and a centrist one, with, er, Ann. The national security card has been taken from Mitt, as have most of the social issues. What they Republicans have left is a debt reduction plan that would explode the debt or tax the middle classes far more than currently, and a minority base whose real passion – hatred of the president – is simply not widely shared among undecideds. The contradictions multiply, like Randian Catholics.

The View From Your Window Contest: Winner #119

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A reader writes:

Rental bikes, coffee cups, poorly dressed tourists, and a picturesque bay … I’m guessing Monterey Bay, California.

Another:

Long time thrice-daily Dish reader here and haven’t seen a VFYW contest I’ve even dared to enter until this one (and probably should have resisted the urge this time).  But that pic just screams Eastern Seaboard to me and probably New England, complete with commercial fishing boats, clapboard buildings with window sashes, brick sidewalks and what must be American tourists in shorts and baseball caps.  If I could expand the pic on my phone I’m guessing those signs in the store windows would be shilling either t-shirts or saltwater taffy. And, well, since I’ve never been to Kennebunkport or Martha’s Vineyard I’m just going to go with the only coastal town I’ve ever visited on the east coast: Salem, Mass.

Another:

Marblehead, Massachusetts is the yachting capital of the world, which means in today’s terms that the harbour is filled with sailboats like in the picture. It also has the most pre-Revolution homes in any town in New England, which would explain the clapboard. It’s one of my favourite places in the world, and I do recall brick outside an old mansion, the Jeremiah Lee house, on Washington St. So I’m thinking the picture was taken from right inside the tourist entrance.

Another:

This view screams Maine.  But it could be from about any town in Maine’s midcoast.  My guess is Boothbay Harbor, somewhere on Union Street, looking out at the harbor.

Another:

I’m an appreciative fan of this feature, and I marvel at the somewhat chilling accuracy of successful searchers who use mapping sites and plot trajectory lines like drone-navigating cyberstalkers. By a more primitive method known as a “hunch”, or perchance a “lucky guess”, I’d say it’s a view of Gloucester harbor on Massachusetts’ North Shore.  My Dad is a native of Newburyport; it’s an area where many (O)Sullivans from the Muskerry region of West Cork settled. Without much recall of the town’s layout, I’ll guess its Rogers Street or Main Street.

Another:

Mackinac Island, Michigan? I can’t find the correct building or even street in Google Maps, but I’d swear I remember that frontyard and red brick walkway from my honeymoon 11 years ago. The Mid-West building style with a view into the small harbor on the south side of the island combined with tourists brings back strong memories – even if I don’t have the right location. What a wonderful contest!

Another:

It’s Makinac (pronounced Mackinaw) Island. The bicycles and pedestrians give this away, as the internal combustion engine is prohibited on the island. If you don’t get 200 correct guesses I’d be surprised.

Closer to 20, but Mackinac was the second-most popular guess by far. Another:

I usually just marvel at the entries to these contests because I don’t feel quite traveled-enough or Google-Earth-proficient to hazard a guess.  But I have an odd sensation that I’ve seen that distinctly-shaped courtyard before, when I was on Martha’s Vineyard a few years ago for a wedding.  I believe it’s in Edgartown, somewhere on North Water Street, though I can’t quite find anything through Google Maps that looks just like it. Ah, well.  I’ll see if that gets me anywhere in the vicinity, at least, and let the experts take us closer from there.

An expert writes:

This week’s view was intended to be like the center space in BINGO – a freebie for everyone, right?

This is a view from the public library in Provincetown, Massachusetts. I think it’s the window is noted in the photos attached:

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It looks to be about the same height as the power lines on Commercial. Toss this one onto the heap of correct answers.  I don’t have a dazzling anecdote to share to help launch me over the finish line. How does one choose from all the magical moments that are spent on this spit of land at the end of the world?  Thank you for taking me back to so many happy summer days on this chilly and very autumnal evening.

Another:

That shot is from the restored tower (which was decapitated for a few sad years) of what has become the Provincetown Public Library, formerly the Heritage Museum, formerly a Methodist church.

Another:

I was just sitting there the other night eating a cupcake, so I recognized the view. The location of the pier and the bikeracks also line up with the satellite photo on Google Maps:

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Another:

Fun fact: the library just went through a renovation, including the new brick-work present in the photograph.

Another:

Maybe you were the photographer, Andrew, during a tour related to the restoration project described here?

Nope, although I love the library and despise the monument. Another:

Surprisingly, Google maps clearly shows the brick walks and grass area with white wall/curbing while Bing maps shows the site under construction:

Bing

Perhaps one’s search preference will lead some searchers astray this week.

Another:

It was clever of you to leave the metal statue out on the right. That would have been a dead give away. We were there a few weeks ago and the kids had a blast checking out the massive boat inside the library.

The statue is an homage to tourists. And not too flattering (see below). Another:

Specifically, the photo is taken from the second floor window in the the large room with a half-scale replica of the Provincetown-built Grand Banks fishing schooner Rose Dorothea.  I’ve spent many hours studying in this exact spot:

Ptown Libs inside

I wrote my Atlantic cover piece on torture there.  Another:

More specifically, this was taken at approximately 10:27AM, standing 1.06 meters back from the window. The photographer is a 47-year-old straight male, 6’0, 181 lbs. He was wearing ecru linen shorts and a beige Tommy Hilfiger t-shirt (80% cotton, 20% polyester). You can totally tell from the way he’s holding the camera.

It was a Marc Jacobs t-shirt, I’m afraid. Another:

The library had a fantastic display on the second floor this summer, around the huge ship that’s built inside. The display highlighted gay people and their relationship with their faith – it almost made me cry.

Another:

Ptown-statueHello from NYC, a fellow gay conservative in search of a party, and a serious fan of Provincetown. Something I did not know until researching this contest was that each of the three main windows is named after a famous patron, the middle one (from which the photo was taken) being dedicated to Roberta Lasley. Intrigued, I did a bit of research to discover she was an amazingly successful business woman who had moved to Provincetown after retiring.

Once in Provincetown she developed the idea of a franchise of condom stores, culminating with two successful chains: Toys of Eros and Wild Hearts. What an amazing life, given that she went from being one of the first three women at Harvard Business School to a major force for social good, to a business person that addressed the critical need for promoting safe sex. What an amazing woman and thanks for turning me onto her biography through the contest. Even if I don’t win, it was worth it.

Another sends the above photo of the aforementioned statue. Another:

The two main clues that I used were the large breakwater, and the fact that the view appeared to be south facing, based on the shadows.  I googled “New England south facing harbor breakwater” and found a Corps of Engineer document of New England harbor breakwaters, with maps for each one.

Another view:

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I can see my cottage from here. Another reader:

Instantly recognizable from the perch of the Provincetown Public Library is the breakwater that protects Provincetown harbor and the lobster fleet. Truro and Wellfleet stretch along the horizon. If the camera was nudged to the right, you might also be able to see the pier for the Boston fast ferries. And, if you look closely enough at the blue house across Commercial Street, you’ll see the very familiar lettering of Box Lunch – a Cape Cod staple!

Another:

You can see the womyn’s bookstore on the far left, the art gallery next to it, and then the t-shirt shop.  Nearby is Harbour Lounge (“Thirsty? We got liquor!”)  Further to the east is Dyer Street, where we spent a wonderful week (the one before Carnival) this August.  I’m attaching the view of the harbor from our bedroom window:

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Another:

I haven’t been there for years but couldn’t forget that view.  The building in front of it, to the right there (without Google streetview mind you), is the nice little bookstore in town named after the old Bette Davis movie Now Voyager.  Thanks for the memory of that beautiful place I miss so much.

Actually, that book store just died. Another:

The photo looks like it must have been taken recently, during my favorite time in P’town. After Labor Day, the crowds have died down, and the temperature is dropping, and everything just has a much less frenzied air about it… Lovely. Unfortunately, I have no amusing anecdotes to share about the library – I’ve never even been inside, although my brother-in-law was inside just last month in search of free Wi-Fi. Does that count?

Another:

Do you need a cute story? I took my mom there for 4th of July family vacation one summer. We stayed as always at the Cape Codder. The guy who owns the guest house started the Dolphin Fleet whale-watching tour. My mom was open mouthed when she saw all the drag queens on fire engines during the parade out front. I had my 10 month old with me that year. I was pregnant the year before on vacation when we went whale watching and my older daughter who was 7 was so fascinated by the whales and dolphins she decided the new baby, if a girl, would be named Delphina after the Greek meaning for dolphins. The docs said I was having a boy so I never gave it another thought. Delphina is now 23.

Another:

I not only know where this is, but last year – in this town – I was one of the producers of an indie romantic comedy film “BearCity 2”, that has as one of its stars, Andrew’s husband Aaron! The picture was taken out the front 2nd floor window of the just-renovated Provincetown MA library, formerly the Central Methodist Church, built in 1860 and on the National Register of Historic Places. We look over Ptown Harbor and see MacMillan Wharf to the right. Two of Ptown’s many fine art galleries are across the street. Just as pictured, the green lawn in front has, somehow, the most perfect flawless sod one could ever imagine, despite the salt air. Last week the lawn was decorated with thousands of colorful prayer ribbons. In fact, Andrew and Aaron when in Ptown get their coffee a couple dozen yards away from this very spot!

Lawn

Another sends the above photo. Another reader:

I saw you and briefly introduced myself to you at frappo66 on Saturday afternoon (after walking back from a wonderful day at Herring Cove beach!)

Another:

I made my first Dishhead sight-seeing trip to P-town this summer on the day of the opening ceremonies of the Olympics. I believe you were preparing to live-blog the  event as we were eating our ice cream in the street on the east end. I think I might have seen your husband riding his bike, but no Andrew sighting. (My first actual Dishhead sight-seeing trip was last summer to Portland, Maine. I wanted to see the shop where my t-shirt came from, but it was closed! Did you know there was such a thing as a Dishhead sight-seeing trip? Perhaps it’s just me.) I imagine you’ll get a lot of correct answers, but I mostly wanted to point out that because of the Dish, I explored a new part of the world this summer and really enjoyed it. Next time, though, we are definitely going back at night! I have a feeling we barely got to know P-town with an afternoon visit.

There are many Ptowns. I’ve spent 14 consecutive summers here and I’m still uncovering them. Another:

A few years back we were visiting P-Town and a my sister and I were sitting right on those library steps when a guy next to us started choking on a piece of food! My sister, being the calm one, put her hand over her mouth and started screaming which I am sure made the poor guy much calmer. Eventually the guy coughed it out but it is one of those vacation memories that we still share a laugh about.

Another:

No special story for me, except the memory of a bad sunburn and a lousy boyfriend one 4th-of-July weekend after a long drive from UMass. I think I slept on his friend’s porch all night because it was so hot. I loved being so close to the ocean. Hope to return someday with my native Californian husband who, despite a great education, still thinks Massachusetts borders New Jersey.

Another:

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Your picture looked awful familiar to me, because I am staying in the apartments behind the blue building as I write this. Your photographer took this picture from the second story of the Provincetown library, located at 356 Commercial. The blue building is 355 Commercial Street and houses Birdie Silkscreen Studio and Scott’s Cakes (legalize gay cupcakes!). This is an amazing coincidence. Even if I don’t win it has added an indelible highlight to my vacation.

Another:

I assume this is an homage to the end of summer in Provincetown.  This is from the public library that my son now refuses to go to since the day we went over spring break and a few teens from the neighborhood (sullen youth) made some kind of snide remark to him.  Our usual trip involves a walk up to the top of the Pilgrim Monument, a stroll on Commercial Street – where my wife always stops by the Wired Puppy for a potential Andrew sighting – and then on to Spiritus for pizza and sometimes boccie.  My daughter likes to visit all the libraries on the Cape, so we have spent much time in the Provincetown Library.

Another:

One evening along Commercial Street walking with my travel companion we passed a plaza with some park benches facing the street. At one was an elderly couple watching the people on the street. In the middle of it was a young family, mother, father, baby and child. At the other end was a couple of flirtatious bears being into each other but not overly PDA, just doing their thing. Nobody was upset or appeared to care. They were all so different but all together there, enjoying the public space and the evening. Acceptance, tolerance, fully integrated into the life of the community. Not a separate place like the Castro, but a place where everyone lives with each other. For a moment it seemed like I was in Western Europe, not the US in the 1990s. It left the best impression and a beautiful memory of Provincetown, it being one of those special places in the country where tolerance lives and breathes on a casual summer evening. Where the spirit and beauty of equality that our Declaration of Independence talks about is alive, right now.

My niece and nephew have only seen Ptown and Boston in America. I love that. Another:

I started going to P-town in 1960 with my family when I was five years old.  Exploring the sand flats at low tide is the happiest memory of my childhood, and bringing my own children there my happiest as a grown-up.  Your love of this place is one of the things that keep me coming back to the Dish.

Another:

Thank you for putting up an easy one for the masses! First time I’ve been even close to even knowing where to start looking and I got it! I bet this hooks me even more.

We received about 350 entries, and close to 300 correctly answered Ptown. Another:

Seriously, how are you going to select a winner?  Would they have to specify the date and time the photo was taken?  What floorboard the photographer was standing on? The type of camera?  If I send a 10,000-word essay on the Ptown public library, will that suffice?

Since isolating a clear winner is close to impossible, we are going to see if the library administrators will accept a copy of the View From Your Window book so that anyone can go see it. A parting view of the library from chez nous:

Pilgrim

(Archive)