A Strike Against Transparency

drone_approval_maps

The Pew Global Attitudes Survey illustrates how unpopular the drone program is around the world:

In 33 of the 39 surveyed countries, a plurality of people say they oppose the drone program in the United States. That means more people disapprove than approve of targeted killings in 85 percent of the countries surveyed.

Last week, Mark Mazzetti reported (NYT) that the Senate “quietly stripped a provision from an intelligence bill that would have required President Obama to make public each year the number of people killed or injured” in drone strikes. David Cole is aghast:

The Senate’s decision is particularly troubling in view of how reticent the administration itself continues to be about the drone program. To date, Obama has publicly admitted to the deaths of only four people in targeted killing operations. That came in May 2013, when, in conjunction with a speech at the National Defense University, and, in his words, “to facilitate transparency and debate on the issue,” President Obama acknowledged for the first time that the United States had killed four Americans in drone strikes. But according to credible accounts, Obama has overseen the killing of several thousand people in drone strikes since taking office. Why only admit to the four Americans’ deaths? …

[I]f the US government’s targeted killings are lawful, we should have no hesitation in making them public. Surely the least we can do is to literally count and report the lives we’ve taken. Yet even that, for “the most transparent administration in history,” is apparently too much.

Quote For The Day

“Now I feel strong and beautiful. I walk proudly down the streets of Manhattan. The people I love, love me. I make the funniest people in the country laugh, and they are my friends. I am a great friend and an even better sister. I have fought my way through harsh criticism and death threats for speaking my mind. I am alive, like the strong women in this room before me. I am a hot-blooded fighter and I am fearless.

But I did morning radio last week, and a DJ asked, “Have you gained weight? You seem chunkier to me. You should strike while the iron is hot, Amy.” And it’s all gone. In an instant, it’s all stripped away. I wrote an article for Men’s Health and was so proud, until I saw instead of using my photo, they used one of a 16-year-old model wearing a clown nose, to show that she’s hilarious. But those are my words. What about who I am, and what I have to say? I can be reduced to that lost college freshman so quickly sometimes, I want to quit. Not performing, but being a woman altogether.

I want to throw my hands in the air, after reading a mean Twitter comment, and say, “All right! You got it. You figured me out. I’m not pretty. I’m not thin. I do not deserve to use my voice. I’ll start wearing a burqa and start waiting tables at a pancake house. All my self-worth is based on what you can see.”

But then I think, Fuck that. I am not laying in that freshman year bed anymore ever again. I am a woman with thoughts and questions and shit to say. I say if I’m beautiful. I say if I’m strong. You will not determine my story — I will. I will speak and share and fuck and love and I will never apologize to the frightened millions who resent that they never had it in them to do it. I stand here and I am amazing, for you. Not because of you. I am not who I sleep with. I am not my weight. I am not my mother. I am myself,” – the stupendously talented Amy Schumer. If you haven’t yet, read the whole glorious, hilarious thing.

Bloody Bangui

CAFRICA-UNREST

In a penetrating report from the Central African Republic, worth reading in full, Graeme Wood describes the state of the country:

It is a country the size of Texas, with as many people as Boston, and an economy less than a tenth the size of Chattanooga’s. Reliable data doesn’t exist for the number dead, but from December until March, street lynchings became so common that they ceased to be news. The danger is unequaled anywhere in present-day Africa except, perhaps, Nigeria on a bad day. Bangui competes with Damascus for the title of world’s grimmest capital city. …

The government of CAR has already begun taking steps to make its most powerful institutions Muslim-free. The armed forces, or FACA, dissolved when the Séléka arrived, and they are now being reconstituted without much care for the histories of its members—whether they are implicated in communal or political violence or whether they remain loyal to the Anti-Balaka. No one is sure if the FACA will represent the whole country or just the Christians.

(Photo: A man holds his machete as young people, who created a self-defense committee for their district, meet before leaving for a patrol on March 12, 2014 in Bangui. By Sia Kambou/AFP/Getty Images)

An Effort To Eradicate Education, Ctd

Three weeks have passed since Islamic militants kidnapped more than than 200 Nigerian schoolgirls, and the situation only seems to be getting worse.  The Economist finds that the government’s response “began with confusion and has become increasingly shambolic, creating chaos that in other countries would see senior heads roll”:

President Goodluck Jonathan has remained remarkably silent about the kidnapping of the girls, a story that outraged many and triggered one of Nigeria’s rare street protests. Five years into an insurgency by the Islamist sect Boko Haram that claims thousands of lives every year, Mr Jonathan seems distracted while the military has failed to stop the bloodshed despite a multi-billion dollar-a-year budget. … Messages from the Nigerian military are odds with statements from the girls’ school and other state authorities. The defense ministry issued an inaccurate report claiming all but eight of the girls had been found and then retracted it, further damaging the government’s credibility.

Alexis Okeowo notes, “The circumstances of the kidnapping, and the military’s deception, especially, have exposed a deeply troubling aspect of Nigeria’s leadership: when it comes to Boko Haram, the government cannot be trusted”:

Children have been killed, along with their families, in numerous Boko Haram bombings and massacres over the past five years. (More than fifteen hundred people have been killed so far this year.) State schools and remote villages in the north have borne the brunt of Boko Haram’s violence this year. The group is believed to be at least partly waging a campaign against secular values. The kidnapped girls were both Christian and Muslim; their only offense, it seems, was attending school.

Last June, I visited Maiduguri, the capital of Borno state and the birthplace of Boko Haram, to report on the insurgency and the Nigerian government’s counteroffensive, a security operation that placed three northeastern states, including Borno and Yobe, under a state of emergency as troops launched attacks on terrorist hideouts and camps. The military cut phone lines and Internet access, and, while residents were glad for the intervention, there was a sense of living in the dark. Gunshots, a bomb blast: was it Boko Haram or a military attack? Were the hundreds of men disappeared by the military actually terrorists—even the young boys? And was the government, as it claimed, really winning the war?

Meanwhile, Frida Ghitis describes the kidnapping as “an international crisis that requires international help”:

[I]t is urgent that the plight of these girls and their families gain the prominence it so clearly deserves. Global attention will lead to offers for help, to press for action. Just as the intense focus on the missing Malaysian plane and the lost South Korean ferry prompted other nations to extend a hand, a focus on this ongoing tragedy would have the same effect. Nigeria’s government, with a decidedly mixed record on its response to Boko Haram, will find it difficult to look away if world leaders offer assistance in finding and rescuing the kidnapped girls from Chibok, and another 25 girls also kidnapped by Boko Haram in the town of Konduga a few weeks earlier.

Previous Dish on unrest in Nigeria here and here.

Not Breathing Easy

OzonePollution-1

The American Lung Association’s annual State of the Air report shows that much of the country is still suffering from “dismal levels of pollution”:

More than 147 million people, or roughly half the nation, live in places with unhealthy concentrations of ozone or particulate pollution. Fifty-three million others reside in areas that the association has slapped with a most troublesome “F” grade for pollution. The health implications of this coast-to-coast blanketing of foulness are hard to overstate.

Suzanne Goldenberg notes that ozone levels are rising across the country:

The report, which is based on data collected between 2010 and 2012, found smog, or ozone, had worsened in 22 of the 25 biggest US metropolitan areas, including Los Angeles, Houston, Washington-Baltimore, New York City and Chicago – and said there was a high risk of more high-ozone days because of climate change. … Smog, or ozone, which is the most widespread air pollutant, forms more readily in hotter temperatures, and is expected to increase under climate change. “It’s going to make it harder to clean up air pollution,” said Janice Nolen of the American Lung Association. “Days that wouldn’t ordinarily have high ozone levels are going to have them.” She added: “It’s going to be much harder to keep ozone pollution down to the levels that we should be breathing.”

Meanwhile, Brad Plumer explains why more than half of the 10 most polluted US cities are in the Golden State:

Why does southern California dominate the list? One reason is that tailpipe emissions from all those cars and trucks interact with high heat and bright sunlight to create ozone pollution. An especially hot summer made things worse. So did the geography of the Central Valley, whose weather patterns tend to trap pollutants in the region.

He adds that not all the news is grim:

That all said, it’s worth putting this in historical perspective. … [S]ix major air pollutants have all fallen 72 percent since 1970 – due, in large part, to the Clean Air Act. Over that same period, the economy has grown 219 percent, the number of miles we drive has grown 165 percent, and the amount of energy we use has grown 47 percent. So it’s certainly possible to drive down air pollution and still get much, much richer.

(Map by Mark Byrnes)

You Can’t Always Raise Them Right… Or Left

Looking at how parents attempt to inculcate their kids with their political beliefs, Te-Erika Patterson notes that those attempts often backfire:

It’s understandable that parents with strong beliefs would feel it is their duty to see their children adopt those beliefs. But, however well-meaning these efforts are, they may be in vain. A study recently published in the British Journal of Political Science, based on data from the U.S. and U.K., found that parents who are insistent that their children adopt their political views inadvertently influence their children to abandon the belief once they become adults. The mechanism is perhaps surprising: Children who come from homes where politics is a frequent topic of discussion are more likely to talk about politics once they leave home, exposing them to new viewpoints—which they then adopt with surprising frequency.

The War Over The Core, Ctd

Last week, Louis C.K. became the most high-profile critic of the Common Core, setting off a Twitter firestorm in the process. Alexander Nazaryan slams the comedian for “malign[ing] an earnest effort at education reform, one that is far too young to be judged so harshly”:

The [Common Core] tests are thus far imperfect, as is how we prepare for them. With that I agree. But staging scenes from Of Mice and Men isn’t going to catch us up to China anytime soon. Nor are art projects or iPads. It was dismaying to hear the new New York City schools chancellor, Carmen Fariña, recently complain that our students are deprived of “joy” in the classroom. Joy, our twerking young ones know. Trigonometry, not so much. Louis C.K.’s frustration doesn’t pass muster as a critique of educational reform. Yes, the problems his daughter was given are tough. That’s as it should be.

But Rebecca Mead finds herself agreeing with him:

[T]he issue identified by Louis C.K., and by other less well-known but equally furious parents, is not that the material children are expected to learn is too hard. It isn’t unreasonable to expect kids to have learned to multiply and divide numbers up to a hundred by the time they leave third grade—and in all likelihood, Louis C.K.’s child will have done so by June, if she hasn’t already, and be the better for it. The greater problem lies with the ways in which the achievement of those standards is measured. An emphasis on a certain kind of testing has become a blight upon the city’s classrooms. “The teachers are great,” C.K. tweeted. “But it’s changed in recent years. It’s all about these tests. It feels like a dark time.” Plenty of parents and educators agree with him.

Libby Nelson argues that Louis C.K. should be blaming NCLB, not Common Core:

No Child Left Behind, the 2002 federal education law, required all states to develop academic standards. It also mandated standardized testing every year from third grade through eighth grade to see if they meet those standards. The idea was to hold schools accountable for whether their students were learning. So students started taking a lot more tests: when No Child Left Behind was passed, 19 states had annual standardized testing in reading and math, according to the Center for Education Policy. By 2006, every state was testing its students every year from third through eighth grade.

No Child Left Behind is still the law. And the Common Core state standards don’t change those testing requirements. They just change the exam that students are already required to take.

Meanwhile, one of our readers – who happens to be one of the lead writers of the Common Core State Standards for mathematics – sends in a response to the parent who wrote, “The Common Core math instruction is truly insane. Parents can’t even help their child with homework half the time because getting the right answer is not enough”:

I agree wholeheartedly that parents should be able to help their children with their homework. My own daughter’s kindergarten teacher handled this well. The teacher gave the children workbooks for practicing the nuts and bolts of math. My daughter was responsible for completing a minimum number of pages each week, and that was where my wife and I came in. We took it as our job to enforce the minimum, assist our daughter if she got stuck, and ensure that every answer was correct. The problems in that workbook were in the nature of exercises – nothing my wife and I would have to scratch our heads over. That approach made sense to us. If a curriculum series is expecting too much of parents, then I’m not sure schools should be buying it.

The curriculum market is in a state of flux right now. At the risk of overgeneralizing, in the time since the standards were developed, some textbook publishers have rushed out with half-baked materials, while some others have basically slapped a “Common Core” sticker on the same books they had been selling for years. The situation won’t last, but quality takes time. Generally speaking, US math textbooks have been terrible for decades – just not in ways that tend to go viral on Facebook.

Another reader objects to the idea that getting the “right answer” is enough:

In fact, learning math is not about just getting the right answer. It is about understanding the math behind the answer, which is why doing it the right way is important to developing good math skills. That many have gotten by just memorizing formulas that produce the right answer is part of the reason they aren’t good at math, don’t understand math, don’t like math, and are unable to extend their math knowledge to anything beyond memorized formulas in stock quiz problems.

And an educator wonders how well schools will put the standards into practice:

I’m a high school science teacher and my colleagues and I are wrestling with implementing the new Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). In California, they’ve designated $1 billion to implement the standards. Many states are not making this type of commitment. Therefore, you have veteran teachers who have often placed emphasis on the content of a course having to now focus on the process and skills within the material. I’m personally a fan of the new standards in both the Common Core and the NGSS, but the implementation and professional development for our teachers has been severely lacking.

As alluded to by other writers, test scores will dip drastically as well. I was just explaining to my class that next year’s sophomores will take the new PARCC assessment, yet have only had a year of instruction in the Common Core methodology. While some schools and students may be able to adapt in this short time and perform well on the tests, schools that haven’t had the funds to train teachers and purchase instructional materials that reflect the new emphasis on skills and process will lag behind.

The full thread on the Common Core is here.

No Bankers Were Harmed In The Making Of This Financial Crisis

Or almost none – a single banker was sentenced to prison for his role in the Great Recession. Jesse Eisinger investigates why:

Over the past year, I’ve interviewed Wall Street traders, bank executives, defense lawyers and dozens of current and former prosecutors to understand why the largest man-made economic catastrophe since the Depression resulted in the jailing of a single investment banker – one who happened to be several rungs from the corporate suite at a second-tier financial institution. Many assume that the federal authorities simply lacked the guts to go after powerful Wall Street bankers, but that obscures a far more complicated dynamic.

During the past decade, the Justice Department suffered a series of corporate prosecutorial fiascos, which led to critical changes in how it approached white-collar crime. The department began to focus on reaching settlements rather than seeking prison sentences, which over time unintentionally deprived its ranks of the experience needed to win trials against the most formidable law firms. By the time [Kareem] Serageldin committed his crime, Justice Department leadership, as well as prosecutors in integral United States attorney’s offices, were de-emphasizing complicated financial cases — even neglecting clues that suggested that Lehman executives knew more than they were letting on about their bank’s liquidity problem. In the mid-’90s, white-collar prosecutions represented an average of 17.6 percent of all federal cases. In the three years ending in 2012, the share was 9.4 percent.

You Can’t Feed Your Family With A New TV

Screen Shot 2014-05-01 at 2.38.45 PM

Jordan Weissmann explains why this chart, from Annie Lowrey’s latest look (NYT) at the lives of the American poor, is so scary:

Prices are rising on the very things that are essential for climbing out of poverty.

A college education has become a necessary passport to financial stability. It’s hard to hold a job if you’re chronically ill. Working full-time is difficult if you can’t pay somebody to watch your child. While a high-definition television is nice, it won’t permanently improve your circumstances. And psychology has told us that the stress of financial instability, of not knowing whether you’ll be able to pay your next bill or get enough hours at work, is part of what makes poverty such a horrible experience. Humans also tend to judge their experiences relative to their immediate surroundings, so the fact that the poor are materially better off than during the Carter era doesn’t offer them much personal solace.

Derek Thompson points out another key distinction:

When you look at the items in red with falling prices, they largely reflect industries whose jobs are easily off-shored and automated. The secret to cutting prices (over-generalizing only slightly here) is basically to replace American workers. If you can replace U.S. labor with foreign workers and robots, you’re paying less to make the same thing. Look back at the items toward the bottom of the graph. Our clothes come from Cambodia. Our toys come from China. Meanwhile, Korea, a world-leader in electronics and auto manufacturing, has the highest industrial robot density in the world. Cheap things aren’t made by American humans.

Now consider education, health, and childcare, the blue sectors above where prices are rising considerably faster than average. These are service industries that employ local workers. They are not, to use the economic term, “tradable.”

Does Your Name Boost Your Credibility?

It appears people are more inclined to believe you if your name is easy to pronounce:

In a new study, published in PLoS ONE, the researchers asked undergraduate volunteers to rate the pronounceability of real names from 18 countries, and then used these ratings to generate a set of difficult to pronounce names, such as Yevgeni Dherzhinsky, and a set of easy names, such as Putali Angami. The researchers then told a new group of undergraduate participants that some international students had listed their favorite trivia statements, such as “Giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump,” and that the participants’ task would be to read some of those statements, and report whether they thought that the statements were true or false. Importantly, each trivia statement was paired with a difficult to pronounce name (“Yevgeni Dherzhinsky said:”), or an easy name, from the sets generated earlier.

The authors hypothesized that claims paired with easy names would be rated as true more often than claims paired with difficult names. The results supported the authors’ hypothesis: Difficult to pronounce names led to near-chance “true” responses, whereas statements paired with easy names elicited more “true” responses. The results from this study clearly show that the pronounceability of people’s names can influence the “truthiness” we feel when evaluating their claims: We seem to believe Putali Angami and Bodo Wallmeyer more than Shobha Bhattacharya and Yevgeny Dherzhinsky.