Paused Paternalism

Less than 24 hours before it was scheduled to go into effect, a judge struck down Bloomberg’s ban on large sodas as “arbitrary and capricious.” The mayor’s response:

Rick Hills, observing that the ban was struck down for being too narrow rather than too broad, is uneasy with the judge’s ruling:

How can it make sense to force the Health Department into such a judicially tailored straitjacket, requiring bureaucrats to pursue an all-or-nothing policy whenever they implement a law? Is Justice Tingling really demanding that agencies jettison consideration of cost, administrative feasibility, personal privacy, or financial feasibility when they pursue their primary mandate? Such reasoning is not unprecedented: Recall FDA v. Brown & Williamson‘s argument that the FDA would have to ban cigarettes entirely if they were an unsafe “medical device” and not merely regulate cigarettes’ advertisements.

Frum considers the broader implications:

The serving ban obviously had problems. It represented an experiment that might or might not have achieved results. But if incremental – sorry, “arbitrary and capricious” – steps are not permissible, what is? Or is the plan that government can do nothing about the obesity problem except continue to defray through Medicare and Medicaid the large and rising costs of the super-sizing of the American population?

And Alex Koppelman wonders whether Bloomberg’s successor will support the ban:

Tingling’s ruling could well be overturned at the appellate level—the ban was widely expected to survive legal challenges without too much trouble—but that can only happen if the case gets that far. Bloomberg’s administration will go to a higher court, of course, but he’ll be out of office next year, and not everyone who’s vying to replace him supports the ban. The issue was bound to surface during the upcoming election; now it’s all but certain to, and the key question to the candidates will be whether they’ll continue the court fight if they’re elected, or if they’ll simply let it drop.

Negotiating With NIMBY

Bruce Barcott argues that America needs a safe place to store its nuclear waste. Some tips on getting a community to support the construction of a nuclear waste site:

“With an issue like this, explicit cash payments make people very uncomfortable,” says Michael O’Hare [a professor of public policy at the University of California at Berkeley who has studied Not In My BackYard problems for more than thirty years]. “They feel that this is not the kind of thing that ought to be traded in money.” When people consider a NIMBY project, whether it’s an airport, a prison, or a nuclear waste site, they impute a moral content to their behavior. Compensation sullies their motivation. “Crudely caricatured,” he wrote in a recent report, “a compensation offer can appear to ask, ‘How much do we have to pay you to give your children cancer?’”

Towns that entertain the thought of a nearby nuclear waste dump often have an economic rationale for doing so, but they’re also wary of being bought off. The key, O’Hare said, is to find indirect ways of compensating the local community that builds on a sense of pride in the facility.

White Smoke And Mirrors

The latest from the Papal betting markets:

Pope Odds

Andrea Tornielli previews Conclave, which begins today:

[W]hen the 115 voters will shut themselves in the Sistine Chapel for the election, a fair number of votes (some mentioned 35, others 40) should go to the Archbishop of Milan, Angelo Scola, who has the support of various European cardinals and a few Americans. If he is elected, the papacy will become Italian again, thirty-five years after the election of John Paul I. Another candidate who should gather a fair amount of consensus is the Archbishop of São Paulo, Odilo Pedro Scherer, a Brazilian with a long experience in the Curia.

Unconfirmed reports on the eve of the Conclave – which of course need to be taken with a pinch of salt – suggest the Brazilian could get 25 votes. A third candidate who might stand out from the beginning is the Canadian Marc Ouellet, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops who is believed to be able to draw to himself twelve votes from South America and the United States.

Rocco Palmo dismisses the horserace mentality:

The road to a Conclave never begins with a slate of “contenders,” but the discernment of issues and exchange of ideas – in this instance, 115 slates of experiences, philosophies, priorities and concerns on what’s needed most at this moment in history, all weighing a mix of skill-set, background, personal qualities and, yes, image, plus the sliding scale of sending a message to the wider world while, internally, providing the optimal substance of leadership.

In short, the path begins with a question in each elector’s mind: “What is the situation of the church?”  It ends with which melding of those answers in human form can make it to 77.

A Needed Change Of Heart

Alice Park spoke to David Jones about his new book, Broken Hearts: The Tangled History of Cardiac Care, and the reasons why bypass surgery and angioplasty aren’t all they’re cracked up to be:

Each intervention, promising lifesaving relief, was embraced with enthusiasm by cardiologists and cardiac surgeons—and both techniques often do provide rapid, dramatic reduction of the alarming pain associated with angina. Yet, as Jones painstakingly explains, it took years to show whether the procedures prolonged lives; in both cases, subsequent research deflated those early hopes. The interventions—major procedures, with potentially significant side effects—provided little or no improvement in survival rates over standard medical and lifestyle treatment except in the very sickest patients. …

“There’ve been focus groups with prospective patients who have stunningly exaggerated expectations of efficacy. Some believed that angioplasty would extend their life expectancy by 10 years! Angioplasty can save the lives of heart-attack patients. But for patients with stable coronary disease, who comprise a large share of angioplasty patients? It has not been shown to extend life expectancy by a day, let alone 10 years—and it’s done a million times a year in this country.”

Kevin Hartnett outlines the reasons we continue to use the procedures:

First, “one of the little dirty secrets of cardiac care” is that until the 1970s, “heart experts could not agree on what was causing heart attacks.” Today, cardiologists believe that “invisible lesions” in the heart vessels—not major artery blockages—are primarily responsible for causing heart attacks. So, in a sense, bypass and angioplasty were grandfathered in as treatments from an era when we didn’t really understand why heart attacks happen.

Second, the popularity of bypass surgery and angioplasty reflects a larger cultural issue with medicine: We overtest and overtreat. Doctors and patients tend to think, “Well, if this procedure could help, let’s do it.” But every surgery comes with risks, of infection, and, in the specific case of bypass surgery, of long-term neurological complications. “It’s important not to do everything that could be done,” Jones told Park.

Art For Government’s Sake

Audrea Lim examines the unusual art scene in the burgeoning city of Chongqing, China:

On its main stretch, Tuya Street, ten-story apartment blocks with shops and eateries on the ground floor have been painted over with cartoon aliens. A three-eyed monster towers over a pharmacy, its mouth full of fangs. A monkey-man in muscle shirt squints down at hipster art students spilling into the road from the side of a building. Another is dotted with black-rimmed, menacing blobs. Down the street, a Lisa Frank-style unicorn poses, five stories tall, amid rainbows and clouds.

“Tuya” means “graffiti” in Chinese—the name is recent—and this street, three-quarters of a mile long, may be the longest stretch of public art in the world. It’s also a government-sanctioned “art district,” centered around the Sichuan Fine Arts Institute, which was established in 1940. Huangjueping has been a natural gathering place for Chongqing’s artists ever since, and thanks to its remoteness from Beijing, it has a reputation for producing artists independent of the art establishment.

But as Lim learns, “cheap rent came with non-negotiable obligations, like participating in government-run exhibitions unrelated to their work.” Lim’s conclusion:

It was art propped up by the state in order to burnish the state’s credentials, and fill its coffers—art not for art’s sake, but for the sake of urban development.

(Photo by Drew Bates)

When Big Brother Follows You

The Physics arXiv Blog summarizes a fascinating study of censorship on the Chinese microblogging site Weibo – quite a task given that 70,000 messages are sent per minute:

[Researchers Dan Wallach and company] say that in their data set about 5 percent of the deletions occur within 8 minutes of posting and around 30 percent within 0 minutes. In total, 90 percent of deletions occur within a day, although at times deletions can occur several days later. Those are impressive numbers given the popularity of the microblogging service. How does Weibo manages this task?

Wallach and co say their data point to a number of hypotheses about what’s going on. Since the highest volume of deletions occur within 5-10 minutes of posting, Weibo must be censoring them in near real time. If an average censor can scan around 50 posts a minute, that would require some 1400 censors at any instant to handle the 70,000 posts pouring in. And if they work 8 hour shifts, that’s a total of 4200 censors on the payroll each day.

But automated censorship tools may reduce the number censors. Caitlin Dewey further unpacks the study:

Among the keywords that could trigger a deletion? “Support Syrian rebels,” “lying of government” and “Beijing rainstorms,” the study reports. (The full list does not look thematically different from a list of terms used to filter the Chinese Internet overall, obtained by the Post in 2006.) The rainstorms caused widespread destruction and anti-government outrage in July 2012, and China officially supports the Syrian regime.

The EU’s Porn Show

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Today the parliament of the European Union will vote on a resolution to ban pornography, ostensibly to promote gender equality. Zack Beauchamp argues that such a ban would be counterproductive:

[There is] empirical evidence that [pornography] reduces the incidence of sexual violence. One 2007 study by Todd Kendall compared the rates of crime between U.S. states with greater and lesser access to the internet. After controlling for other crime-inducing variables (like rates of urbanization and alcoholism), Kendall found that more internet access led to lower rates of two crimes only — rape and prostitution[.]

Amanda Hess thinks the resolution, which is unlikely to pass, is patronizing:

When we find gender disparities in other sectors—from literary journalism to tech—we urge industry leaders to assess the problem and encourage women to lean in. But when it comes to porn, the impulse is to just shut the whole thing down. That’s unfortunate, because it reinforces the expectation that women can only ever be innocent bystanders to sexual material, never producers or consumers in their own right (banning all porn would mean negating the contributions of proudly feminist pornographers like Tristan Taormino, Nina Hartley, and Cindy Gallop). It glides over the experiences of female porn viewers (who have leveraged the Internet to find and distribute porn that appeals to them, even when it’s not marketed that way). It totally ignores the men who are “sexualized” in porn (if pornography discriminates against women, can we all keep watching gay porn?).

(Photo from the series The Armory by Elizabeth Moran, which “documents the ever-changing sets of the pornography company Kink.com … Devoid of people, the spaces allude to an activity, but leave the viewer to imagine the scene.)

Dollaring Yourself Up

Autumn Whitefield-Madrano connects “our tendency to overvalue fruits of our own labor,” known as the Ikea effect, to beauty routines:

It’s crossed my mind that the Ikea effect might even be part of the larger reason most women wear makeup: The more labor we pour into our “product”—that is, ourselves—the more we value we assign to it. I’m not so cynical as to believe that we think of ourselves as products that can be bought and sold; regardless, our culture certainly shapes women’s value as lying in our appearance, even if we don’t literally translate that into dollars. Put somewhat less cynically, the self-care of beauty work is part of how we physically enact our self-assigned value.

The Daily Wrap

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Today on the Dish, Andrew contemplated sequestration’s effect on military spending, absolved Israeli forces in the death of a Gaza child, and criticized the worldwide governmental inaction on climate. Elsewhere, he disagreed with TNC on the provenance of racism, cheered Shafer’s take on advertorials while Orwell described them perfectly, solicited the next round of “Ask Andrew Anything” questions.

In political coverage, Paul Ryan selectively accounted for the cost of Obamacare as Justin Green predicted a missed opportunity and  we balanced Social Security against Medicare. Kevin Bullis highlighted the greener side of fracking and troubles in the Chinese solar market threatened American installations. Pete Wehner assigned Reagan to the RINO camp, Peter Beinart declared the Bush 2016 campaign DOA, and Rand Paul’s influence rippled outward. While Obama obscured more from the public eye, Hamas and Morsi exasperated each other, and the Guardian traced the history of some haunting images out of Syria.

In assorted coverage, The Economist audited the internet, Frank Abagnale described how modern technology would make him harder to catch, Tim De Chant saw dark clouds on the horizon for US satellites, and Evgeny Morozov explored ethical designs. Nick Holdstock weighed the merging of games and the news, Gregory Ferenstein slimmed down by standing up, and SCOTUS dissected the property rights for GMO seeds. Rachel Kolb filled in the gaps on lip-reading, monsters were nowhere to be found on ancient maps, David Leventi found beauty in dark places, and David Sessions blamed the French’s poor English on Hollywood.

Meanwhile, readers contributed their thoughts on what’s in a name, and argued against polyamory with John Corvino piling on. Garance Franke-Ruta brought Columbia back into the spotlight, women watched from outside the Conclave. Hindus in Indonesia prepared for the Day of Silence in our FOTD, a dance lesson solved racism in the MHB, the SoCal sun peeked through the clouds in the VFYW.

D.A.

A River Of Death

SYRIA-CONFLICT

As Syria degenerates further, the Guardian pieces together “the story behind one of the most shocking images of the war” – 110 civilian corpses washing ashore along the Queiq River in Aleppo:

The concrete ledge from where the bodies were recovered is now covered by waters which, on 29 January, had receded leaving the sodden remains exposed, blood oozing from single bullet wounds to each of their shattered skulls. … “The image of my cousin was horrifying. His face was wrapped with nylon bag and with a tape to make sure he will be dead not only from the bullet but from suffocating. It is heart breaking. Killing Bashar and all of the shabiha won’t be enough revenge.” …

“Before I left the prison, they took 30 people from isolation cells and killed them.” Abdel Rezzaq said he was being held in Block 4, within earshot of the solitary confinement cells and the area where he alleges the prisoners were taken, then executed. “They handcuffed them and blindfolded them and they were torturing them till they died.” “They poured acid on them. The smell was very strong and we were suffocating from it. Then we heard gunshots. The next day they put me and some of the others in front of men with guns, but they didn’t shoot at us. They freed me later that day.”

“I heard women screaming. They were pouring alcohol on us and cursing us. Only God got us out of there, no-one gets out alive. And only god knows what happened to the rest of the people who were in there. I will fight for this cause because I want the whole world to see what is happening.”

Videos and more details here. A more graphic and haunting image after the jump:

SYRIA-CONFLICT

(Photos by JM Lopez/AFP/Getty Images)